海河低平原杨树││(小麦-玉米)土壤水分消耗研究及其可持续性评价

海河低平原存在着严重的水资源危机,对该区大面积推广的杨树││(小麦-玉米)复合种植模式进行土壤水分消耗规律的研究十分必要.定位实验研究表明:杨树││(小麦-玉米)复合种植模式耗水量高于常规冬小麦-夏玉米的种植模式7.9%(2年林龄)～24.5%(5年林龄);0～4 m土壤贮水总量每年平均下降51.1 mm,相当于总贮水量的4.1%;耕层杨树根系与小麦的土壤水分竞争加剧;深层土壤水分消耗加快,2～4 m土壤层次因无水分回补出现干燥化趋势;土壤水亏缺及光照等其它原因造成复合系统农作物减产趋于严重,其中林龄3年的杨农复合系统的小麦玉米产量减产平均达到35%.对经济、生态效益的综合分析表明该模式在低平原贫水区的持续性发展不容乐观.     

马唐与玉米间作对镉的富集效果研究初探

采用盆栽土培试验,研究了马唐与玉米间作对玉米吸收和积累镉的影响。结果表明,无论是单作玉米还是间作玉米,同一镉浓度处理下,玉米各器官的舍镉量均为：根〉茎〉叶〉籽粒;同一器官不同镉浓度处理的镉含量大小顺序为：10mg〉5mg〉0mg。在没有镉胁迫情况下,单作马唐地上部积累的镉略高与间作马唐;当加入外源镉时,间作马唐积累的镉高于单作马唐,且达到显著水平。马唐对镉的积累量随着镉浓度的增加,马唐地上部积累镉的量也在相应增加。玉米与马唐间作系统,促进了玉米根部对镉的吸收,而籽粒中镉的含量反而有所降低。研究初步表明,玉米与马唐间作之后,能够相互促进对镉的吸收.     

基于CVM的鄂尔多斯沙棘景观服务价值评估

在调查鄂尔多斯沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoidesL．）状况的基础上,以意愿评估法（CVM）为依据,设计了250份问卷,调查了鄂尔多斯地区居民对沙棘景观服务的支付意愿（WTP）,并利用SPSS软件对影响居民支付意愿的因素进行了相关性分析。研究结果表明：WTP与收入水平和旅游意愿显著相关,与受访者的文化程度及其对沙棘生态作用的认知度也存在较显著的相关性。每位居民支付意愿的中位值为110．62元／年,平均值为221．17元／年,并基于中位值法和Spike修正模型的平均值法将此结论推广到整个鄂尔多斯地区,得出鄂尔多斯沙棘景观服务的总价值为1．759×108元／年～3．095×108元／年。     

齿爪式粉碎机监督抽查的技术标准

齿爪式粉碎机是国家实施生产许可证制管理的农机产品,企业必须严把质量关,质量技术监督部门要严格质量监督。同时质量监督应依据相关技术标准,确定主要检验项目,遵循监督抽查规范程序和规则。     

奶牛产奶量测量系统设计

为了快速、准确地获取奶牛产奶量数据,避免目前常用的间接测量方法产生的误差,设计了基于质量计量的奶量采集系统。该系统通过在奶罐下安置基于压力传感器的质量称量机,将压力产生的模拟电信号通过A/D转换模块转变为数字电信号,再经分级处理从而获取牛奶质量数据,并直接上传至上位机。上、下位机之间通过CAN总线连接,基于自主协议进行相互通信。经多次测试表明,在5～35kg范围内该系统的测量误差可以控制在6%以下,且具有采集速度快、容错性强的特点。     

高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙工艺优化

为了提高鱼骨钙的提取效果,利用高压脉冲电场从淡水鱼骨中辅助提取鱼骨钙制备高钙鱼骨水解液。单因素试验和二次通用旋转组合设计试验表明,脉冲数、电场强度、柠檬酸与苹果酸比对鱼骨钙的提取率影响显著;建立鱼骨钙提取率与各影响因子间关系的回归数学模型;确定了高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙的最佳工艺参数为电场强度为25kV/cm、脉冲数为8个、柠檬酸与苹果酸的质量比为1:1g/g、酸料比为1:1g/g、水料比为12:1mL/g,此时处理4g鱼骨粉所得的鱼骨水解液中钙提取率达84.2%。与超声波辅助提取鱼骨钙对比试验表明,高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙的得率较超声波辅助提取提高了17%,且其耗时短。该研究可为高压脉冲电场辅助提取鱼骨钙深入研究及其高钙鱼骨口服液的研制提供借鉴参考。     

Inter-site transferability of crop varieties: another approach for analyzing multi-locational variety trials

Summary Improved crop varieties developed at experimental stations are intended for release for production in farmers' fields which are not necessarily the test sites. Therefore, it is important to measure the inter-site transferability of the crop variety. This study was undertaken to establish a statistical measure of inter-site transferability of a variety. Data on grain yield from two sets of multi-locational trials on barley and four sets of the wheat trials conducted by the Cereal Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Syria, were analyzed to evaluate the inter-site transferability of the varieties. Genotype × environment interaction was significant and experimental errors were heterogeneous in each set of trials. Correlations between the slope (of linear regression of variety mean on location mean) and variety mean were significant (P < 0.01) in all trials. Correlations between the developed inter-site transferability statistic and the variety mean were significant (P < 0.05) in only two trials. Correlations between mean yield and probability of the inter-site transferability statistic were insignificant in all trials. The inter-site transferability statistic and the associated probability of the transferability may be used to select varieties which are high yielding as well as transferable to a new environment. The strong association of slope with mean yield restricted the scope of varietal selection but the introduced statistic did not suffer from this drawback.     

BORON DEFICIENCY IN RAINFED WHEAT IN PAKISTAN: INCIDENCE,SPATIAL VARIABILITY AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Boron (B) deficiency is potentially an important nutrient constraint in calcareous soils. We determined B deficiency incidence and spatial distribution in rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1.82 Mha Pothohar plateau in Pakistan, its relationship with soil types, crop responses to B, and internal B requirement and B fertilizer use efficiency of wheat. Plant and soil analyses indicated deficiency in 64% of the 61 sampled fields; geostatistics-aided contour maps delineated B deficient areas. In rainfed field experiments, B use increased wheat yields up to 11%. Fertilizer requirement was 1.2 kg B ha^?1; critical B concentration (mg kg^?1) ranges were: young whole shoots, 4–6; flag leaves, 5–7. Boron uptake by wheat was 0.14–0.58% of applied dosage, leaving substantial residual impact. Highly cost-effective B use or B-efficient genotype adoption can enhance wheat productivity and grower-income. Such effective nutrient assessment and management approaches can be beneficially adopted elsewhere as well.     

耕层厚度对华北高产灌溉农田土壤有机碳储量的影响

针对华北平原长期少免耕可能导致的耕层变浅、变紧的问题,通过人为设置不同耕层厚度试验,采用等质量土壤有机碳库储量和层化比的研究方法,研究了4种耕层厚度（10、20、30、40 cm）水平下0～50 cm土壤有机碳的变化。2 a的田间试验结果表明,不同耕层厚度对土壤有机碳含量有显著差异,与2007年试验开始时相比,土壤有机碳质量分数都不同程度下降,下降幅度为22%～48%。利用等质量计算方法表明20 cm耕层厚度的处理土壤有机碳储量最高。通过层化比的研究表明,随着时间的推移,20 cm的耕层厚度层化比最高,其     

基于北斗卫星导航的秸秆机械化还田作业管理系统

为满足秸秆机械化还田作业精准化管理的需要,解决还田工作中作业面积统计困难、现场核查工作量大、全局管理难以实现等若干现实问题,设计了基于北斗卫星导航的秸秆机械化还田作业精准管理系统。系统集成北斗卫星导航定位、物联网、地理信息系统等信息技术,通过北斗卫星导航农业机械车载信息终端,实时采集、处理秸秆还田作业中的定位和状态数据,获取还田现场的高清影像。通过建立作业管理信息系统,实现作业监控、地块识别、面积量测、质量评估、指标统计和指挥调度等功能。试验结果表明,系统可以有效实现轨迹监控、灵活调度、分类统计分析,提高了秸秆还田机械化作业效率。同时,地块识别率和地块面积统计达到了作业精度要求,可以满足秸秆机械化还田作业的需要。