A Comparison of Serum Creatine Phosphokinase and Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase in Skeletal Muscle Necrosis

Rabbits were poisoned by the intraperitoneal injection of plasmocid dihydroiodide at a dosage of 80 mg. per kg. body weight. Animals were euthanatized 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24 and 48 hours after plasmocid injection and serum and diaphragmatic muscle collected. The serum was examined for its serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations. The diaphragm was sectioned and examined for the progression of morphologic alterations. It was found that SGOT and CPK concentrations were similar in their time and duration of elevation and that the serum CPK elevations closely paralleled the occurrence and degree of morphologic muscle degeneration. It appears that CPK is the most specific clinical biochemical test for the detection of muscle necrosis available at this time.     

Inhibition of biological hydrolysis of parathion in rice straw-amended flooded soil and its reversal by nitrogen compounds and aerobic conditions

The effect of nitrogen compounds and moisture regimes on the inhibition of the biological hydrolysis of parathion in rice straw-amended soil under flooded conditions was studied. Single applications of rice straw, potassium nitrate or ammonium sulphate to the flooded soil, inoculated with parathion-hydrolysing enrichment culture, inhibited the hydrolysis of the insecticide; the inhibition was reversed, however, in combined applications of rice straw with potassium nitrate or with ammonium sulphate. Aqueous extracts of rice straw-amended soils incubated under flooded undisturbed conditions as well as at 100% moisture inhibited the hydrolysis. The inhibitory factor was not formed in rice straw-amended flooded soils incubated at 50 and 75% moisture levels.     

Comparison of methods of estimating leaf-surface area through leaf characteristics in some cultiv ars of Mangifera indica

In 6 cultivars of Mangifera indica, 4 linear relationships between leaf surface area and leaf characteristics were investigated in order to find out the best method of estimation. The 4 regression equations estimating leaf surface area were with length and breadth individually and together and with the product of length and breadth. Further investigations were made to compare different cultivars within a method and different methods in a cultivar. For most accurate estimation of the leaf area, the product of length and breadth has to be preferred, and for quick estimation with reasonable accuracy and in view of operational convenience breadth should be used.     

Use of gas chromatographic retention indices for quantitative structure activity relationship studies of dialkyl phenyl phosphates

Thirty-five dialkyl phenyl phosphates analogous to methyl and ethyl paraoxon were synthesized and their insecticidal activity against house fly (Musca nebulo) determined. Gas chromatographic retention indices (GCRI) at 200°C for all the phosphates were determined on OV-101, DB-1701 and DB-WX fused-silica capillary columns. The retention indices on polar and nonpolar columns (DB-1701 and OV-101, DB-WX and OV-101) considered together were shown to be related to the Hansch hydrophobic constant (II). Multiple regression analysis using the least-square method was carried out to establish the linear relationships between insecticidal activity and GCRI along with the Hammett constant, (σ). The multiple correlation coefficients (r) of various parameters obtained using GCRI were found to be as significant as those obtained using II values. It was found that both hydrophobic and electronic effects made a significant contribution to the insecticidal activity of dialkyl phenyl phosphates. It is concluded that GCRI on two columns can be used directly as an indicator for hydrophobicity in QSAR studies provided that a suitable pair of polar and nonpolar columns is used for this purpose.     

Spectrophotometric determination of ziram and zineb using 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of ziram (zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)) and zineb (zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbarnate) by converting these into a zinc-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol complex, which is dissolved in acetone and water and the absorbance measured at 490 nm against a reagent blank. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges 0.025-1.25 and 0.025-1.5 mg litre^?1 for ziram and zineb respectively in the final solution. The method is sensitive and can be used for the direct determination of ziram and zineb in commercial formulations, grains (rice and wheat) and synthetic mixtures (in the presence of various other dithiocarbamates). The limit of determination of ziram and zineb from foodstuffs in 0.2 mg kg ^?1.     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of Chukrasia tabularis leaves

Successive petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Chukrasia tabularis leaves were tested for their phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were found to be most effective against most of the tested organisms.     

Isolation and structural elucidation of 3,4',5,7-tetraacetyl quercetin from Adina cordifolia (Karam ki Gaach)

3,4',5,7-tetraacetyl quercetin (1) was isolated from the heartwood of Adina cordifolia. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence.