木质素代谢途径相关酚酸和类黄酮的HPLC测定方法的研究

为了研究木质素代谢途径中相关酚酸和类黄酮的测定方法。采用有机试剂萃取和超声破碎细胞的方法对烟草总酚酸和类黄酮进行提取,并通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）对烟草中6种植物酚酸和5种植物类黄酮进行了定量分析。结果显示：有机萃取结合超声破碎细胞的方法能够将酚酸和类黄酮从植物中有效分离;高效液相色谱（HPLC）能够将6种植物酚酸和5种植物类黄酮一次分离;HPLC测定香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、对甲氧基苯甲酸和肉桂酸的保留时间分别为18.11、20.03、20.51、20.76、22.86、26.23;HPLC测定杨梅素,槲皮素,根皮素,柑橘素和山奈酚的保留时间分别为9.06、12.01、14..96、15.23、16.12。通过研究表明,HPLC能够很好的对植物酚酸和类黄酮进行检测,这为研究木质素代谢途径相关酚酸和类黄酮奠定了基础。     

加快推进吉林生态省建设的若干思考

针对吉林省森林资源和林区经济社会发展现状,结合加强生态文明建设的要求,提出加快推进吉林生态省建设的建议。了解吉林生态立省的总体规划,采取建立长白山林区国家级生态示范区,新林区建设,强化生态保护意识,转变林业经营理念等具体措施,建立有效的森林资源监督机制以保证生态立省的顺利进行。     

Toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan and its effect on oxygen consumption and total nitrogen excretion of the fish Macrognathus aculeatum

Experiments were conducted with the freshwater fish Macrognathus aculeatum to study the toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan and the effect of the pesticide on the oxygen consumption and total nitrogen excretion. The 96-hr LC₅₀ value was 3.5 ± 0.2 ppb. In brain, gills, gut, liver, and kidney, endosulfan was metabolized to endosulfan sulfate, but this appears to be only an intermediary step as the nontoxic endosulfan ether was found only in the liver and kidney, the principal organs of elimination of toxicants in fish. The pesticide, both at sublethal and lethal concentrations, decreased oxygen consumption and total nitrogen excretion.     

中国龙血树属SRAP遗传多样性分析

利用SRAP标记技术对来自我国龙血树属（Dracaena）的24份材料进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。结果显示,从80对SRAP引物组合中筛选出的15对引物组合共扩出155条条带,其中多态性条带为135条,占87.1％,平均每对10条,最好的引物组合为F18Em6。利用NTSYS软件分析数据得出24份材料间的Jaccard相似系数变化范围为0.27～0.97,平均值为0.56,UPGMA聚类显示,在相似系数为0.34处将一未定名种与其它材料分开,其他23份材料在相似系数0.46处又可分成2类,其中勐腊龙血树     

Qualitative profile of degummed guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) seeds grown in a Mediterranean area for use as animal feed

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is an interesting summer legume multipurpose crop used for the extraction of seed gum, due to its galactomannan content, and the high‐protein by‐product, (germ and hull) used for animal feed. The aim of this study was to assess qualitative traits of degummed seeds, named guar meal, of six guar varieties from India, South Africa and USA, grown in a Mediterranean environment (Sicily, Southern Italy), in order to explore their suitability for livestock, and comparing them with the marketed Indian products of guar meals, Churi and Korma. After harvest, seeds were manually degummed and proximate composition was analysed using the official method of analyses, total phenols and tannins by UV spectrophotometry and fatty acids by GC‐FID. Qualitative profile of degummed guar seeds (DGS) was significantly (p < .05) influenced by the genotype. Among DGS, Matador showed a high (p < .05) content of protein (518 g/kg), lipids (59.4 g/kg) and the lowest (p < .05) NDF level (181 g/kg) compared to the other varieties. Total phenol content of DGS showed similar values among varieties (2.57 mg gallic acid/g, on average) and with those of guar meal Korma 50%–53% (2.89 mg gallic acid/g) and Korma 56%–58% (2.94 mg gallic acid/g). Tannins were below the instrumental limit of quantification (1.5 mg/g of catechin equivalents) in DGS, as well as in the marketed products. Fatty acid composition was significantly influenced (p < .05) by the genotype. Matador showed the significant highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n6 series (45.2 g/100 g), whereas India showed the significant (p < .05) highest content of PUFA of the n3 series (3.55 g/100 g), and the significant (p < .05) highest level of n3/n6 PUFA ratio (0.08), and the best (p < .05) Atherogenic Index (0.19) and Thrombogenic Index (0.46). This study shows the interesting nutritional characteristics of degummed guar seeds, underlining that, if the future of the guar gum industries depends largely on the utilization of guar seed meal, this product can be considered a valuable feed resource and a way to increase the income of guar production.     

海南原生墨兰花粉萌发试验初报

为探讨海南原生兰花花粉萌发所需的培养基成分，测定其生活力提供技术和方法,以海南原生墨兰为材料，采用不同的液体培养基进行花粉萌发试验。试验结果表明：海南原生墨兰花粉在所设计的液体培养基上都易萌发且萌发花粉管长。除对照外，7个处理萌发率高达78%以上。在含10%蔗糖, 20mg/L硼酸和5 mg/L CaCl2的液体培养基上培养的萌发率为83.99%，效果较好，本着简便原则，可应用于海南原生墨兰花粉生活力的鉴定。     

玉米秸秆和木屑及木钠混配成型工艺参数优化

为了研究玉米秸秆与木屑及木钠的混配成型特性,该文采用5因素的响应面中心组合设计,在WD-100KE型电子压力机上进行单颗粒压缩试验,研究了成型参数木屑质量分数(0~40)、木钠质量分数(2%~10%)、温度(40~160℃)、水分(4%~20%)、压力(1~9 k N)对成型指标松弛密度、比能耗、径向最大抗压力的影响。通过对试验数据的回归,建立了响应面模型,分析了参数间的交互作用,获得了较佳的成型参数,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:温度和水分、水分和压力对比能耗起显著交互作用;木钠质量分数和温度、温度和水分、水分和压力对径向最大抗压力起显著交互作用。较佳的参数为:木屑质量分数10.15%,木钠质量分数8%,温度95.83℃,水分15.83%,压力3 k N,验证试验参数修正为:木屑质量分数10%,木钠质量分数8%,温度96℃,水分16%,压力3 k N,响应指标结果为:松弛密度1 054 kg/m3、比能耗8.02 k J/kg、径向最大抗压力685N,与预测值误差值在8%以内,可为相关生产提供理论参考。     

蔬菜生产者认知行为的影响因素分析——基于山东寿光的安全生产调查

从蔬菜生产者认知倾向行为的角度,探寻蔬菜质量安全的影响因素。利用对山东寿光116位蔬菜生产者进行问卷调查所得数据,运用因子分析方法,找出影响蔬菜生产者认知倾向行为的主要因子。研究结果显示,提高蔬菜质量安全水平要从提高蔬菜生产者的资源占有量、素质水平、能力判定方面、角色准确定位以及性格认定等方面下功夫,研究针对这些方面相应地提出了建议性的意见。     

广东省自然保护区生态旅游管理研究初探

自然保护区内开展生态旅游,可提高公众的环保意识,增加保护区的经济收入,但也会对保护区的生态平衡和动植物资源造成一定的负面影响.如何处理好自然保护与旅游开发的关系日益引起人们的关注,笔者对国内外开展生态旅游的自然保护区进行了调查分析,认为在自然保护区内开展生态旅游,必须采取切实有效的管理措施,进行科学规划,完善管理制度和监测体系,以达到不破坏生态环境和旅游资源永续利用的目的.     

Laying Performance of Broiler Breeder Chickens Fed Various Millets or Broken Rice as a Source of Energy at a Constant Nutrient Intake

Laying performance, egg quality and carcase traits were recorded in broiler breeders (29–48 weeks of age) fed diets in which pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), foxtail millet (Setaria italica) or broken rice fully replaced yellow maize (50% of the diet) from the reference diet. Constant ratios of metabolizable energy to other nutrients were maintained in all the diets. Each diet provided 1.38 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/bird per day to 8 replicate groups of 10 layers each, maintained in deep litter pens.The hen-day egg production and the ME required to produce 12 eggs in birds fed pearl millet or broken rice were similar (p>0.05) to those fed on the maize diet, while birds fed foxtail millet or finger millet required more energy to produce the same number of eggs. The egg production and the efficiency of energy utilization were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the birds fed these two cereals. Egg quality was not affected by replacing maize with the different cereals. However, the yolk colour index was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the cereal-fed groups in comparison to the maize-fed birds. The gizzard and giblet weights were heavier (p<0.05) in the birds fed foxtail millet or finger millet than in those fed broken rice. Deposition of abdominal fat and the liver fat content were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed pearl millet than in the other groups. Depending on the local prices, the cost of feeding may be reduced considerably by using any of the cereals tested as the principal energy source in place of maize in broiler breeder diets.