CPPU对普通丝瓜单性结实的影响

长江中下游地区冬、春保护地栽培条件下,部分极早熟普通丝瓜的雄花比雌花晚10—20d开放,由于缺乏昆虫辅助授粉,植株不能正常授粉受精,结瓜率低,从而影响早期产量和效益。     

Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Bluecrop) under various shade levels

Blueberry can readily be shaded as a bush type plant, maybe affecting its growth and photosynthesis. Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry grown under various shade levels were investigated to understand acclimation under shade conditions and to determine the optimal light conditions for agricultural purpose. Shade decreased the number of shoots per shrub, but increased shoot length. However, shade did not affect the number of leaves on the main axis. With increasing shade level, leaf length, width and area increased, but leaf thickness decreased. However, there was no obvious tendency in leaf length/width ratio with increasing shade level. Shade leaves had less dense stomata than sun leaves, but stoma was bigger in shade leaves than in sun leaves. With increasing shade level, non-photochemical quenching in blueberry leaves increased and the values were higher at low photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) in shade leaves than in sun leaves, resulting in the decreases in quantum yield, electron transport rate and net CO₂ assimilation rate (A_n). The maximum A_n at 31, 60, 73 and 83% shade levels was 11.8, 11.0, 8.4 and 7.5 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively. Following the slight decrease up to 100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD, stomatal conductance (g_s) linearly increased up to 600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD and became saturated at all shade levels. The leaves of the shrubs grown under the 83% shade level had a significantly lower g_s as compared to the leaves of the shrubs grown under the 31, 60 and 73% shade levels. Transpiration rate (E) linearly increased up to 600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD and was saturated at the 73 and 83% shade levels. However, E increased linearly at both 31 and 60% shade levels with increasing PPFD. The reproductive growth characteristics such as number of flowers, fruit set rate per flower bud and fruit yield also significantly decreased with increasing shade level. For agricultural purpose, therefore, shade level above approximately 60% of full sunlight must be avoided for optimal photosynthesis and growth of the ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry.     

Protective role of heat-shock protein 70 in gastric mucosal lesion induced by endotoxin in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertensive gastropathy

AIM: To investigate the protective role of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG).METHODS: The rat model of liver cirrhosis with PHG was established by injection with tetrachloride.The animals were divided into normal control group, PHG group, PHG+heat treatment group, PHG+BPI21 group and PHG+endotoxin groups.The endotoxin used in the experiment was at the dose of 3 mg/kg and endotoxin antagonist BPI21 was at the dose of 2 mg/kg.HSP70 was induced by pre-treating the animals with mild whole-body heating.The levels of HSP70 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the gastric mucosa were measured by ELISA.Furthermore, the pathological changes of the gastric mucosa were observed under microscope with HE staining.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control rats, the rats in PHG group showed obvious gastric pathological lesion, decrease in HSP70 production and increase in TNF-α level in the gastric mucosa, and increased endotoxin concentration in the plasma.Compared with PHG+endotoxin group, the gastric mucosal lesion in PHG+BPI21 group was significantly attenuated, accompanied by the increase in HSP70 production and decrease in TNF-α level in the gastric mucosa.Heat treatment increased HSP70 production and decreased TNF-α concentration in the PHG rats, thus attenuating the gastric mucosal damage.CONCLUSION: HSP70 alleviates the gastric mucosal lesion induced by endotoxin in cirrhotic rats with PHG and decreases the concentration of TNF-α in gastric mucosa, indicating a protective role of HSP70 in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage in PHG.     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

秋水仙素离体诱导对非洲紫罗兰形态的影响

以非洲紫罗兰丛生芽为外植体,研究了秋水仙素在不同浓度(5、102、0 mg/L)及不同处理时间(102、03、0 d)对其形态的影响。结果表明:以10 mg/L秋水仙素处理30 d的丛生芽诱变频率最高,达32.5%。诱导苗在叶长、叶厚、叶宽、叶色等外部形态上与对照苗相比具极显著差异,其叶下表皮内的气孔和保卫细胞长、宽与对照相比差异极显著,且单位面积气孔数减少。     

瘤胃厌氧真菌纤维素酶的研究进展

瘤胃真菌是栖息在瘤胃中的、能够分泌高效纤维素酶的严格厌氧真菌。纤维素酶是一种多组分的复合酶,主要有内切型葡聚糖酶、外切型葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶3种。由于瘤胃真菌纤维素酶能够高效地降解纤维素,因此可被广泛应用于纤维素、新饲料、新式酶原、处理有机垃圾等方面的开发中。     

Exploring Patterns of Exotic Earthworm Distribution in a Temperate Hardwood Forest in South-Central New York, USA

Exotic earthworms invading forests in Canada and northeastern United States that were naturally devoid of large detritivores cause major changes in ecosystem function. To assess their long-term impacts, studies are needed to elucidate the factors that control the patterns of earthworm invasion at the landscape level. We analyzed the distribution patterns of exotic earthworms in a northern hardwood forest in south-central New York (USA), as explained by landscape variables thought to be important in determining earthworm distribution. Forest type, slope angle, elevation, and the distance to agricultural clearings and wet refugia were significant predictors of earthworm presence, whereas local wetness index and the distance to streams and roads were not. Forest type and distance to agricultural clearings were the two most significant predictors. Our data suggest that areas close to agricultural clearings, dominated by mixed hardwoods, and located towards valley bottoms or on gentle slopes are very likely to support communities of exotic earthworms. Steeper slopes, areas dominated by American beech or eastern hemlock, and locations in the core of extensive forest landscapes have lower probabilities of invasion by exotic earthworms. When applied to a nearby area, our statistical model correctly predicted earthworm presence for 67% of 377 sampling points. Most of the mistakes were incorrect predictions of earthworm absence, suggesting that our statistical model slightly underestimated earthworm presence, possibly because of the pervasive influence of active agricultural fields adjacent to the test site.     

露地越冬春甘蓝新品种‘皖甘 8 号’

 ‘皖甘8号’甘蓝是以自交不亲合系9802-6与9701-3杂交育成的露地越冬春甘蓝一代杂种,具有抗寒性和耐抽薹性好,抗黑腐病等特点;叶球紧实,牛心形,单球质量1.2 kg;越冬栽培生育期145 d;适合我国黄河以南地区,尤其长江流域作越冬春甘蓝种植。     

贮藏期间板栗呼吸特性研究

对板栗贮藏期间呼吸速率及影响因素的研究发现：０－５℃贮藏能显著抑制板栗呼吸,能使板栗缓慢呼吸的稳定期延长至次年 ３月,但随贮期延长板栗组织愈加不耐受低 Ｏ２高 ＣＯ２环境;降低起始Ｏ２或提高起始 ＣＯ２浓度不能降低板栗的呼吸速率。     

成都番茄青枯菌生理分化和品种抗性鉴定

初步鉴定出成都地区番茄青枯菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｏｌａｎａｃｅａｒｕｍ）属小种１，并根据其对不同寄主的致病力不同进一步划分成４个致病类型；还用３个不同菌株接种鉴定了成都的６个主要番茄栽培品种的青枯病抗性，结果表明６个品种均不抗青枯病，属高感品种