不同种类相思树试管苗内源激素的HPLC测定

本试验以不同种类相思树试管苗为材料,对相思树试管苗内源激素进行提取,并建立了相思树内源激素的HPLC测定方法。研究结果表明不同种类相思树试管苗内源激素测定方法存在差异,不同种类相思树试管苗内源激素含量差异较大。     

花生AhLEA18蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析

LEA蛋白家族是一类在种子胚胎发育晚期丰富表达的蛋白,在种子的正常发育过程中大量积累,同时在植物处于干旱、寒冷、盐胁迫等逆境条件下高水平表达,推测该类蛋白在缺水条件下具有一定的生理保护功能。根据蛋白序列特点,该蛋白家族分为多个组,LEA18蛋白属于其中一组蛋白。PvLEA18蛋白在干燥种子、花粉粒中大量积累,也参与到对水分缺失、ABA处理的生理应答过程过程。本研究从栽培种花生鲁花14中克隆得到一个LEA18基因,命名为AhLEA18。对其序列的生物信息学分析表明,AhLEA18具有典型LEA18蛋白序列特征。通过半定量RT-PCR的方法对该基因在花生植株不同组织及不同发育时期的种子中的表达情况进行了分析。     

均质土壤承压下陷模型改进及验证

针对传统土壤承压模型依赖拟合原位承载试验曲线的复杂性或建立在土壤力学参数基础上的预测模型的理想化等问题,该文提出一种改进的土壤承压下陷模型。依据地面力学和土壤力学相关理论将土壤承压力学模型分3类进行简要介绍,分析其各自特点和参数意义。结合土壤承压极限理论的指数形式,提出改进的土壤承压模型。利用庄继德等人的相关试验研究结果进行验证,结果表明砂性土、水稻土的土壤承压下陷计算预测曲线与实际拟合曲线吻合度较好,其中砂土试验的Bekker下陷曲线与改进模型计算所得曲线的决定系数R2为0.9998;利用Bekker文献中的黏性土试验参数数据进行验证,计算所得土壤极限应力值与相应位置贝氏方程拟合应力值误差在5%~21%之间,土壤变形指数求解值与实际值误差在7%~36%之间。该模型普适性、准确性较强,可在测得土体基本力学参数的基础上预测载荷下陷曲线,为研究车辆行驶下陷提供参考。     

基于BP神经网络的橡胶苗叶片磷含量高光谱预测

为验证高光谱技术在橡胶苗叶片磷素营养诊断方面的可行性,该文以砂培橡胶苗为研究对象,利用高光谱仪测得不同磷处理水平下橡胶苗叶片光谱反射率,并应用微分技术求取去噪后光谱反射率一阶和二阶导数,以叶片磷含量和光谱变量相关性分析为基础,选择出叶片磷含量敏感波段,最后以敏感波段为输入变量,结合多重线性回归、偏最小二乘回归和反向传播神经网络模型对叶片磷含量进行预测。结果表明:原始光谱反射率555和722 nm、一阶导数674、710、855、1 091、1 197、1 275、1 718、2 181和2 228 nm以及二阶导数816、890、1 339、1 357和2 201 nm为叶片磷含量敏感波段;反向传播神经网络模型预测精度最高,训练集和验证集中预测值和实测值之间的相关系数r分别为0.964和0.967,均方根误差RMSE分别为0.0139和0.00856,模型性能指数(ratio of performance to deviation,RPD)分别为3.71和3.23,证明高光谱技术可以快速、准确诊断橡胶苗叶片磷含量。     

MlNAC2基因的克隆及其在南荻根部的表达模式

克隆南荻MINAC2基因的c DNA序列,该序列全长为933 bp,编码产物含310个氨基酸残基,其蛋白质理论相对分子质量为34 427.8,等电点(p I)为5.85,不稳定系数为34.84,为稳定蛋白,具有保守的NAM基序,无信号肽和跨膜结构域,可推测其为亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位试验结果表明,Ml NAC2定位于细胞核,可能在细胞核内行使功能。转录激活试验结果表明,Ml NAC2是一个转录因子蛋白,且转录激活域位于C端。荧光实时定量PCR分析结果表明,高盐、干旱、脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯和机械伤害均能诱导Ml NAC2基因在南荻根部的表达上调,而低温处理时表达下调。     

Effects of elevated CO2 on the development and physiological metabolic activities of Nilaparvata lugens in response to the infection of Trichoderma asperellum

Trichoderma spp. are widely used in agriculture as biofungicides. In this study, effects of elevated CO₂ on the growth and enzyme activities of Nilaparvata lugens infected by T. asperellum were studied. The results showed that fecundity of N. lugens adversely decreased under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO₂ irrespective of infection with T. asperellum. The contents of protein and alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased in N. lugens nymphs with T. asperellum infection under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO_2. Significantly higher activities of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase were observed in N. lugens infested with T. asperellum under elevated CO₂ compared with ambient CO₂. While significantly lower catalase and glutathione S-transferase were observed in N. lugens nymphs infested by T. asperellum under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO₂. Measuring the antioxidases and detoxification enzymes in N. lugens infected with T. asperellum can partly explain the response of fitness parameters of N. lugens under elevated CO₂.     

A molecular diagnosis method using real-time PCR for quantification and detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4

The Fusarium genus causes devastating plant diseases worldwide, in which Fusarium oxysporum is the most serious crop pathogen. Disease monitoring is the basis of integrated pest management of any disease. The lack of rapid, accurate, and reliable device to detect and identify plant pathogens is one of the main limitations in integrated disease management. This study describes an efficient and quantifiable diagnosis method for the specific detection of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) race 4 in field-infected banana. With the optimized PCR parameters using the SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) primers FocSc-1/FocSc-2 and a real-time PCR strategy, the developed method showed high reproducibility and was very sensitive to detect extremely low quantities of Foc genomic DNA (gDNA). We also found that Foc gDNA in severely symptomatic banana pseudostems and leaves were 6946-fold and 26.69-fold more than in those of mild-symptomatic banana, respectively.     

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Citrus viroid V isolates from Pakistan

Citrus viroid V (CVd-V) was recently characterized and belongs to the genus Apscaviroid within the family Pospiviroidae. 334 CVd-V isolates were identified from Punjab, Pakistan, where CVd-V had not been reported. A total of 68 independent cDNA clones were sequenced from 11 infected trees of different cultivars, ranging from 292 to 295 nucleotides. The nucleotide diversity estimated from the nucleotide distances of the CVd-V Pakistan population was similar to that reported from other countries. Based on genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis, two main CVd-V groups were identified indicating that Pakistan might be one of the geographic origins of CVd-V worldwide. We demonstrated that this viroid has not emerged recently and it is more widespread than previously expected.     

基于光能利用率模型估算大兴安岭北部火烧迹地生产力

以大兴安岭火后不同强度(轻度、中度、重度)及未火烧区森林为研究对象,利用光能利用率模型和ETM+影像,结合植被资料,估算了火烧结束12 a后(1999年8月)过火区的针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林的净初级生产力(Net primary productivity,NP,P),分析了1987年"5.6"大火不同强度火烧对森林分布和生产力的影响。结果表明:轻度和中度过火区林地面积的比重与未过火区相近,且NP,P比未过火区高;重度过火区部分林地的比重降低,森林退化成非林地,但林地NP,P与未过火区相近。     

施肥对麻疯树幼树生长与叶片养分动态的影响

[目的]探讨麻疯树成熟叶片N、P2O5、K2O、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B共10种营养元素含量的动态变化和相关性,为麻疯树科学施肥提供参考依据.[方法]选取长势一致的麻疯树进行每株0、0.2、0.4、0.6kg的复合肥施肥处理,在每月的中下旬取植株成熟叶片,测定其营养元素的动态变化特征,分析其相互关系.[结果]麻疯树叶片营养元素含量高低顺序为：K2O＞N＞Ca＞ Mg＞P2O5＞Mn＞Fe＞Zn＞B＞Cu.不同施肥处理对叶片营养元素含量有一定影响,其中N、K2O、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、B元素含量受施肥影响比较大,而P2O5、Mg、Cu受影响比较小.麻疯树的株高、总新梢生长量、地茎粗随着施肥量的增加而增加,果枝率随着施肥量的增加先增加后降低,果枝率最高的是施肥0.4 kg/株处理.[结论]施肥能促进麻疯树的生长,0.4 kg/株/年（15-15-15复合肥）时最利于麻疯树果枝的形成.麻疯树叶片的营养元素受施肥的影响,养分元素间有协同和拮抗作用,生产上要根据麻疯树的营养需求规律和需肥特性进行平衡施肥.