基于ARM和Android的通用化农田信息检测终端研究

为了提高复杂、多样的农田信息检测效果,运用通用化设计概念和高性能硬、软件技术方案,设计了一种便携式、可配置的农田信息检测终端。采用主流的ARM Cortex-A8嵌入式处理器与Android操作系统相结合的一体化架构,集成AD、232、485、USB传感器接口,按键、触摸屏、液晶屏人机交互模块,SD卡、USB、3G、Wi Fi、Bluetooth数据交换模块,北斗/GPS双模定位模块以及电源/电量计模块,定制、移植核心驱动程序和HAL库层、JNI接口层。测试及应用试验表明,检测终端可选择配接或同时配接模拟/数字式、电流/电压型以及视频/图像摄像头等多种类型传感器,实现对土壤及大气参数、作物图像和地理信息的采集,并具有多种模式的数据展示和交换功能;模拟信号检测误差小于0.669 5%,3G无线通信下载速率达1 248 Kb/s,整机最大功耗小于3.6 W,检测终端外观尺寸152 mm×83 mm×34 mm,整机质量仅330 g。该检测终端易于配置或二次开发,使用方便,满足农田信息的全面、高效和精准检测需求。     

杭州西湖湖心亭植物景观研究

湖心亭悠久的历史底蕴、得天独厚的环境条件与良好的绿色植物基础形成了成功的植物景观,其成熟的植物配置模式值得深入探究。文章通过对湖心亭植物景观调查实测,总结得出湖心亭植物景观的经典配置手法、不同类型植物配置实例与优秀景观节点等,以期在植物选择、空间营造、文化传承、借景手法等方面为该类型地域植物景观营造提供借鉴和参考。     

Identification and marker‐assisted introgression of QTL conferring resistance to bacterial leaf blight in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola (Xav), is widespread in major cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] growing regions of the world. Considering the resource poor nature of cowpea farmers, development and introduction of cultivars resistant to the disease is the best option. Identification of DNA markers and marker‐assisted selection will increase precision of breeding for resistance to diseases like bacterial leaf blight. Hence, an attempt was made to detect QTL for resistance to BLB using 194 F_2 : 3 progeny derived from the cross ‘C‐152’ (susceptible parent) × ‘V‐16’ (resistant parent). These progeny were screened for resistance to bacterial blight by the leaf inoculation method. Platykurtic distribution of per cent disease index scores indicated quantitative inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf blight. A genetic map with 96 markers (79 SSR and 17 CISP) constructed from the 194 F₂ individuals was used to perform QTL analysis. Out of three major QTL identified, one was on LG 8 (qtlblb‐1) and two on LG 11 (qtlblb‐2 and qtlblb‐3). The PCR product generated by the primer VuMt337 encoded for RIN2‐like mRNA that positively regulate RPM1‐ and RPS2‐dependent hypersensitive response. The QTL qtlblb‐1 explained 30.58% phenotypic variation followed by qtlblb‐2 and qtlblb‐3 with 10.77% and 10.63%, respectively. The major QTL region on LG 8 was introgressed from cultivar V‐16 into the bacterial leaf blight susceptible variety C‐152 through marker‐assisted backcrossing (MABC).     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Indian melon (Cucumis melo L.) landraces with special reference to disease and insect resistance loci

This study was aimed to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Indian melon landraces with special reference to disease and insect resistance loci. Thirty‐six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers along with seven markers at disease and insect resistance loci were used for this purpose on a panel of 91 accessions available at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India. Model‐based structure analysis revealed the presence of four groups that were consistent with the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The delineation of populations was mostly based on geography with improved varieties as a separate group. Ten accessions have been identified to possess beneficial alleles at all the selected disease resistance loci and shall be useful for incorporating multiple disease resistance after phenotypic validation. The results obtained in the current study demonstrate the importance of the Indian melon group as a valuable genetic reservoir and the need to plan strategies for its conservation and utilization in breeding programmes.     

Plant regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments of Sterculia urens roxb., an endangered gum-yielding tree

The present study is an attempt to prepare synthetic seeds using alginate encapsulation of nodal explants of Sterculia urens. Regeneration potential of encapsulated nodal segments was tested on MS basal, MS + BA (3.0 mg L^?1), MS + TDZ (0.2 mg L^?1), and MS + BA (0.5 mg L^?1) + NAA (2.0 mg L^?1). The regeneration potential was maximum (73.33 ± 1.33) on MS + TDZ (0.2 mg L^?1) followed by (69.33 ± 1.76) on MS + BA (3 mg L^?1) even after 6 months of storage at 4°C, whereas controls did not show any regeneration potential after 1 week. These findings suggest synthetic seed technology as an alternative method for micropropagation and germplasm conservation of Sterculia urens an endangered species.     

基于近红外光谱的活体植物叶片水分检测仪器

在近红外光谱区,采用超低功耗单片机MSP430及新型的光频转换芯片TSL230,研制快速无损、可现场测定植物叶片水分含量的透射式检测仪器。仪器整体由信号采集系统、单片机系统及相应的软件支撑、校正模型组成。其信号采集系统采用近红外LED光源,890 nm和980 nm的窄带干涉滤光片和光频转换芯片。光频转换芯片的使用简化了信号采集电路,减少了噪声的引入。该文介绍了该仪器的硬件设计、软件设计,对紫荆叶片水分含量的建模及预测。预测结果与水分真实值基本一致,二者相关系数为0.900。仪器具有较高的重复性、稳定性和可靠性,与其他水分测量仪相比,该仪器具有体积小、结构简单、重量轻、超低功耗、抗干扰等特点。试验结果表明本仪器可在田间现场对植物叶片水分含量进行快速无损检测。     

Phenolic constituents in the fruits of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and their antioxidant activity

Defatted cinnamon fruit powder was successively extracted with benzene ethyl acetate, acetone, MeOH, and water. The concentrated water extract contained the maximum amount of phenolics and showed the highest antioxidant activities. Hence, it was fractionated by Diaion HP-20SS, Diaion HP-20, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. It gave five purified compounds, the purities of which were analyzed by HPLC. Compounds 1-5 were identified as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), epicatechin-(2beta-->O-7,4beta-->8)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin (cinnamtannin B-1), 4-[2,3-dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-(methoxy)benzofuranyl]-2-methoxyphenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (urolignoside), quercetin-3-O-(6-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (rutin), and quercetin-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside by using extensive spectral studies. The antioxidant activities of purified compounds were screened for their antioxidative potential using beta-carotene-linoleate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl model systems. All of the compounds showed antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. This is the first report of the isolation and identification of nonvolatile constituents and as well as antioxidant activities from cinnamon fruits.     

规模养畜牧草栽培模式探讨

畜牧业规模化水平的逐步提高,养殖小区的快速发展,生产方式的转变,特别是大力发展“节粮型”草食家畜,探讨牧草栽培模式,对提高产草量,确保草食家畜全年的青鲜饲草供应,意义非常重大。     

澳大利亚辐射松遗传育种及其借鉴

澳大利亚辐射松遗传改良在过去的几十年中取得了较大的成绩, 其育种计划与育种策略在一定程度上反应了当前世界林木育种水平。较详细地介绍与分析了澳大利亚辐射松遗传改良的历程与成就, 供我国林木育种工作者参考。