耐抽薹大白菜新品种“昆白3号”的选育

大白菜新品种昆白3号(原代号93-93)是2个自交不亲和系‘8411-6-4-9’ב8423-28-2-3’组配的杂种一代,经品比试验、示范推广后,表现出良好的综合性状;该品种冬性强、不易抽薹,早熟丰产;具有一定的抗病性,适应性强,适合在云南各地及川东、贵州等地种植。     

光周期和食物对异色瓢虫生长发育的影响

本试验在培养温度为20℃、光周期10L:14D和14L:10D条件下,分别饲喂白杨毛蚜和菜缢管蚜,观察异色瓢虫的生长发育情况。结果表明:光周期、食物因素对异色瓢虫生长发育都能产生一定影响,但光周期因素的影响较大。异色瓢虫成虫前发育历期在长光照(14L:10D)下比在短光照(10L:14D)下显著延长,饲喂白杨毛蚜延长雌虫1.0d、雄虫1.5d,饲喂菜缢管蚜延长雌虫3.6d、雄虫3.1d。在短光照下,食物对异色瓢虫成虫前发育历期影响差异不显著;在长光照下,异色瓢虫的发育受食物变化影响显著,取食白杨毛蚜的异色瓢虫比取食菜缢管蚜的发育快。根据异色瓢虫的羽化率、雌雄比、产卵前期和羽化后20d的单雌产卵量的变化,表明其羽化后发育主要受光周期影响,受食物影响较小。     

Historical processes and landscape context influence genetic structure in peripheral populations of the collared lizard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crotaphytus collaris</Emphasis>)

Populations at the periphery of a species’ range often show reduced genetic variability within populations and increased genetic divergence among populations compared to those at the core, but the mechanisms that give rise to this core-periphery pattern in genetic structure can be multifaceted. Peripheral population characteristics may be a product of historical processes, such as founder effects or population expansion, or due to the contemporary influence of landscape context on gene flow. We sampled collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) at four locations within the northern Flint Hills of Kansas, which is at the northern periphery of their range, to determine the genetic variability and extent of genetic divergence among populations for ten microsatellite loci (n = 229). We found low genetic variability (average allelic richness = 3.37 ± 0.23 SE; average heterozygosity = 0.54 ± 0.05 SE) and moderate population divergence (average F_ST = 0.08 ± 0.01 SE) among our sample sites relative to estimates reported in the literature at the core of the species’ range in Texas. We also identified differences in dispersal rates among sampling locations. Gene flow within the Flint Hills was thus greater than for other peripheral populations of collared lizards, such as the Missouri glade system where most of the mesic grasslands have been converted to forest since the last glacial retreat, which appears to have greatly impeded gene flow among populations. Our findings signify the importance of considering landscape context when evaluating core-peripheral trends in genetic diversity and population structure.     

矮桩牛心型大白菜龙白3号的选育

龙白 3号大白菜为矮桩牛心型一代杂种。亲本P 2 0自交不亲和系由通化×胶二叶　60 Coγ辐射诱变群体中选出 ,亲本 2 36自交弱亲和系以龙白 1号大白菜为试材经连续自交育成。龙白 3号高抗病毒病 ,兼抗霜霉病 ,品质优良 ,净菜率高 ,产量为 4 2 2 3.5～ 5 2 0 0 .8kg·(6 6 7m2 ) -1,较对照品种增产 2 0 %左右。     

Effect of garlicin on viral myocarditis in mice

AIM: To investigate the effect of garlicin on mouse viral myocarditis and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, viral myocarditis group, low-dose garlicin group and high-dose garlicin group. The morphological changes of the myocardium were observed with HE staining. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured by colorimetric method. The protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase-8 in the myocardial tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The morphological observation with HE staining showed that garlicin inhibited the necrosis of the myocardium and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Compared with viral myocarditis group, garlicin dose-dependently decreased the levels of LDL, AST and CK. Moreover, garlicin treatment decreased the protein levels of Bax, cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP, accompanied with an increase in Bcl-2 expression. However, garlicin had no effect on the protein level of cleaved-caspase-8. CONCLUSION: Garlicin effectively attenuates the myocardial damage in mice with viral myocarditis through inhibition of intrinsic apoptosis pathway.     

Cobalt reduces nitrate inhibition of nodulation in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

 A cobalt-mediated decrease in ethylene production reduced the inhibition of nodulation by nitrate in Vigna radiata (mungbean). Nitrate increased the ethylene production in 5-day-old seedlings, while it caused a reduction in the nodulation status (nodule number and nodule weight) and nodule efficiency (acetylene reduction activity) in mungbean plants. The application of cobalt chloride inhibited nitrate-affected ethylene production and also decreased the inhibitory effect of nitrate on nodulation. The effect of cobalt was most marked on nodule number. Received: 6 August 1999     

中国沙棘属植物资源研究

本文概述了中国沙棘属植物4种5亚种的分布、分析测定了它们的主要化学成分,如果汁中的总糖、总酸、维生素C及游离氨基酸含量、果肉及种子的含油量及脂肪酸的组成、全果中的金属元素含量。并分别对各种及亚种的品质及其经济生物学特性进行了评价,指出了它们的开发利用价值和种质资源价值。     

Cryptic occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chattonella marina</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">marina</Emphasis> in mangrove sediments in Probolinggo,East Java Province,Indonesia

Mangrove forests and adjacent creeks are known to be highly productive estuaries, which are partly supported by benthic microalgae that grow on the sediments. During surveys investigating the microalgal floras of mangrove swamps in the eastern part of Java Island, a mud sample unexpectedly included large numbers of a notorious fish killer, Chattonella-like motile cells, and its resting cysts. These motile cells were established as clonal cultures for further identification and physiological tests. The cysts were examined through palynological and molecular biological means. Identification based on light microscopy and ribosomal RNA gene sequences confirmed that these cells and cysts were Chattonella marina var. marina. While the strains were genetically identical to the temperate strains isolated from Japan and China, temperature experiments showed that the Indonesian strains possessed a high maximum quantum yield of photosystem II even after exposure to 34 °C, a temperature at which the Japanese strain could not survive. Salinity experiments showed adaptation of the strains to a salinity of 15. These findings, together with the discovery of populations of cysts in the mangrove sediment, highlight the tough and unique nature of the Indonesian strains, which are likely adapted to wide fluctuations of temperature and salinity in mangrove swamps, and pose a potential risk to fisheries in Indonesia.     

Determining the Internal Connection Ratios by MRI and Their Effects on Grafted Rooted Vine Growing Features of cvs. Merlot and Syrah

This experiment was carried out to determine the percentage of internal connection between rootstock and scion in graft union with nondestructive and noninvasive MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) method and to follow performance status according to internal connection ratios of the grafted rooted vines after planting to vineyard field. Research was established in a factorial randomized block design and carried out with cvs. Merlot and Syrah grafted onto 110?R rootstock and 4 different internal (MRI) connection levels in 3 replications. The percentages of grafted rooted vine internal determination by MRI by four sides (13.75%) in graft union were found to be very low than others at the pre-planting stage. An increase in the internal connection ratio in the majority of the grafted rooted vines was determined after the vegetative growth phase. Therefore, the internal connection ratios of the graft union of rooted vines of cvs. Merlot and Syrah varieties showed a tendency to increase during the second year of development. Again in both cultivars, loss rate of grafted rooted vines showed a decreasing tendency depending on increase of internal connection ratio of graft union. As a result, in case of decrease of MRI costs, it is thought that grafted rooted vine producers may have the opportunity to supply better quality seedlings to vine growers using MRI techniques.