Long-term survival of four dogs with disseminated Aspergillus terreus infection treated with itraconazole

SUMMARY Four dogs with disseminated aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus terreus were treated with oral itraconazole for 190 to 1095 days. Infection was eliminated in 1 dog. Two dogs were treated for 1000 and 1095 days but were eventually euthanased 572 and 485 days after treatment was stopped. At necropsy both dogs had widespread aspergillosis. The fourth dog was euthanased for other reasons after 190 days of treatment when it was showing a good clinical response although there was radiographic evidence that the disease was progressing.     

Clinical skills and knowledge used by veterinary graduates during their first year in small animal practice

Objective To determine the clinical skills and areas of knowledge used by veterinarians in small animal practice during their first year after graduation and the degree of assistance and supervision they received while developing these skills. Design A postal survey was sent in December 1999 to 59 veterinarians who completed their training at Murdoch University in December 1998. Procedure The first part of the survey asked for information on veterinary work patterns since leaving university. The second part consisted of a list of diagnostic and therapeutic skills of varying complexity and the graduates were asked to indicate whether they had used these skills in practice and whether they had been assisted or supervised while doing them. The respondents were also asked if they had had the opportunity to practise these skills as undergraduates at university or during extramural experience. In the third part the areas of knowledge used in practice were assessed by analysis of a series of consecutive cases. Results Forty replies were received but since three graduates had done no small animal work the analysis of the skills section is based on 37 responses. Thirty graduates supplied information on 994 canine cases and 308 feline cases. The distribution of the mean work time was dogs and cats 69%, horses 13%, farm animals 11%, birds 3% and others 4%. Skills used by over 90% of graduates included general anaesthesia, examination of the tympanic membrane, taking and interpreting an abdominal radiograph, catheterising a male cat, fine needle aspiration of a mass, neutering dogs and cats, tooth scaling and extraction and treating an aural haematoma. The survey also identified the opportunities for undergraduates to practise some of these skills during extramural experience and the extent of assistance given to new graduates during their first year in practice. The areas of knowledge used in over 10% of the cases included vaccination, anaesthesia/sedation, skin/coat problems, general advice on pet health, neutering and musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusion Veterinarians, in their first year after graduation, use a wide range of complex diagnostic and therapeutic skills. Although many of these skills are acquired during the undergraduate training, a significant contribution is made by extramural practical work undertaken during the clinical years of the undergraduate course and in the first year following graduation. Practising veterinarians play an important role in providing opportunities and supervision for clinical training.     

蜂胶防治大田烟草病害效果试验

用蜂胶乙醇提取液对大田栽培的烟株进行病害防治的试验 ,结果表明 4种不同浓度的蜂胶对烟草病害均有防治作用 ,以原液稀释 50 0倍、 80 0倍防治效果最好。     

Acute and chronic toxicity of malathion to the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa

The acute and chronic effects of the organophosphate insecticide malathion on the cladoceran Moina macrocopa were studied. The 24, 48 and 72 h LC50 values for malathion were between 5.00 and 10.00 μg L^?1. Survival, longevity and the number of young produced by the population were affected by exposure to 0.01 μg L^?1 or higher concentrations. Exposure to malathion had no effect on the age of first reproduction.     

Serologic cross-reactivity of Australian Moraxella bovis to vaccinal bacterin strains as determined by competitive ELISA

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a serologic survey and define pili antigenic variability via the serologic cross-reactivity of Moraxella bovis isolates from naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) outbreaks in Australia. This project applies to the development of an M bovis pili-based vaccine targeting Australian strains originating from intensive cattle producing regions. PROCEDURE: Ocular swabs were collected from cattle affected with clinical signs of IBK from 25 veterinary practices. Standard criteria were used to identify 70 M bovis. Pure, piliated isolates were evaluated with a modified competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cell-bound M bovis pili to determine their serologic cross-reactivity with pili of vaccinal bacterin strains EPP63, FLA64, and SAH 38. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent (45/70) of M bovis isolates demonstrated homologous pili antigens to a vaccinal strain. M bovis isolates homologous to one of the three vaccinal strains were obtained in 77% (34/44) of IBK outbreaks sampled. No IBK outbreak had isolates homologous to more than one vaccinal strain; however, 29% (10/34) of outbreaks with a cross-reacting strain had non-cross-reacting strains as well. CONCLUSION: The similar prevalence of pilus antigen homology to strain FLA64 was observed with isolates derived from NSW, Tasmania, and Victoria, compared with results of prior smaller serologic studies, suggests that the common pilus antigens in M bovis within Australia have been relatively stable over the last 20 years. The prevalence of a limited number of pilus antigens in M bovis suggest that the application of a vaccine containing the bacterial strains EPP63, FLA64, and SAH38 may provide a useful management tool for reducing production losses associated with IBK in Australia.     

硅钙复混肥对玉米抗倒性及产量的影响

据报道 ,水稻施用硅肥后 ,能提高植株体内ＳｉＯ2 含量 ,提高细胞壁的强度 ,进而株形挺拔、抗倒伏。小麦试验亦表明 ,施硅增加冬小麦表皮细胞壁厚度和硅化细胞数量 ,提高茎秆刚性。但到目前为止 ,关于施硅钙肥对玉米抗倒性能及产量影响的报导甚少。为此 ,我们探讨了在正常密度条件下 ,施用硅钙复混肥对玉米抗倒伏及其产量的影响 ,为科学施用硅钙肥提供理论依据。1　材料与方法本项目于 1 996年布置在辽宁省农业科学院土肥所试验地上 ,土壤为壤质草甸土 ,其理化性质为有机质 2 8.45ｇ/ｋｇ ,全氮 0 .0 93%,全磷 0 .8ｇ/ｋｇ ,全钾 2 8.1 5ｇ/…     

Comparison of the concentrations of phenolic constituents in cane sugar manufacturing products with their antioxidant activities

Polyphenol content and free radical scavenging capacity of seven kinds of sugar manufacturing products (A sugars, clear juices, syrups, massecuite, and A, B, and C molasses) were studied. Seventy-two samples were collected at different stages of the process during two sugar harvests from a local sugar factory (Bois-Rouge, La Réunion). The total phenolic content of sugar products was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Polyphenols of sugar products were extracted with ethyl acetate and quantified by LC-UV-ESI-MS during all of the process. ABTS and DPPH assays were applied to aqueous solution of sugar products, which exhibited interesting free radical scavenging activity. Comparatively, ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis) demonstrated a significant correlation between polyphenols and antioxidant activity. Moreover, it was observed that the sugar process results in an increase of the phenolic content and the free radical scavenging capacity of the different products. These products and especially molasses proved to be a rich source of natural antioxidants and may represent an interesting alternative to synthetic food antioxidants.