Performance and Kinetic Study on Bioremediation of Diazo Dye (Reactive Black 5) in Wastewater Using Spent GAC–Biofilm Sequencing Batch Reactor

Combinations of sequential anaerobic and aerobic process enhance the treatment of textile wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment of diazo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5)-containing wastewater using granular activated carbon (GAC)–biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an integration of aerobic and anaerobic process in a single reactor. The GAC–biofilm SBR system demonstrated higher removal of COD, RB5 and aromatic amines. It was observed that the RB5 removal efficiency improved as the concentration of co-substrate in the influent increased. The alternative aeration introduced into the bioreactor enhanced mineralization of aromatic amines. Degradation of RB5 and co-substrate followed second-order kinetic and the constant (k ₂) values for COD and RB5 decreased from 0.002 to 0.001 and 0.004 to 0.001 l/mg h, respectively, as the RB5 concentration increased from 100 to 200 mg/l in the GAC–biofilm SBR system.     

Sedimentary characterization of Tagus estuarine beaches (Portugal)

Background, Aim and Scope  The distribution of sediments in estuarine beaches is controlled by the interactions between sediment supply, hydrodynamic processes and human intervention. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the sediments of Tagus estuarine beaches in order to understand their origin and to contribute to a better knowledge of the Tagus estuary sediment budget. Methods  Surface sediment samples were collected across beach profiles and sand grain size analysis was performed by dry sieving. Grain size statistics for the median (d₅₀) and standard deviation (SDM) were obtained using the Moment method. This study was complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the sediment composition. Cross-shore topographic surveys were conducted for selected sampling sites. Results  Tagus estuarine beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz sand particles which are fine-grained and well sorted near the mouth of the estuary and medium to coarse-grained and moderately sorted in the inner domain. Compositional results show evidence of active anthropogenic sediment sources, especially in the coarser fractions. Discussion  The analysis of the textural and compositional characteristics of beach sediments in the inner estuarine domain is compatible with local sedimentary sources, while a marine signature is present at the mouth and inlet channel sediments. In the inner domain, differences in the sedimentary processes are represented by the textural characteristics of the sediments, such as the sorting degree and the gravel content. Sediment characteristics also reflect human intervention in the system, with the introduction of anthropogenic and allochthonous particles and the mixture of sediments from different sources. Conclusions  The sediments of the inner Tagus estuarine beaches are derived from local Plio-Pleistocene outcrops while inlet and outer estuary beaches reveal a dominant marine source. Beach textural variability observed in the inner domain is not related to wave forcing gradients, but mainly to variations in the sedimentary processes along the estuarine margins and to human intervention. Results show that the Tagus estuarine beaches depended, almost exclusively, on sediment input from local sources until the last century. With increasing human occupation, sediment transfers became dominated by anthropogenically related activities mainly connected with the occupation of estuarine margins and dredging. Recommendations and Perspectives  Further studies should extend the present level of knowledge in what concerns sand transport patterns through additional compositional and geochemical analysis, and the development of new techniques in order to allow the quantitative evaluation of the impact of human activities on the sediment budget.     

The inheritance of chemical phenotype in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis sativa</Emphasis> L. (III): variation in cannabichromene proportion

The mechanism that controls the proportion of cannabichromene (CBC), a potential pharmaceutical, in the cannabinoid fraction of Cannabis sativa L. is explored. As with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), CBC is an enzymatic conversion product of the precursor cannabigerol (CBG). CBC is reported to dominate the cannabinoid fraction of juveniles and to decline with maturation. This ontogeny was confirmed in inbred lines with different mature chemotypes. A consistent CBC presence was found in early leaves from a diverse clone collection, suggesting that CBC synthase is encoded by a fixed locus. Morphological variants possessing a ‘prolonged juvenile chemotype’ (PJC), a substantial proportion of CBC persisting up to maturity, are presented. PJC is associated with a reduced presence of floral bracts, bracteoles, and capitate-stalked trichomes. Genetic factors causing these features were independent of the allelic chemotype locus B that was previously postulated and regulates THC and CBD synthesis and CBG accumulation. In contrast to previously described Cannabis chemotypes, the cannabinoid composition of PJCs showed plasticity in that reduced light levels increased the CBC proportion. The ability of PJC plants to enable the production of pharmaceutical raw material with high CBC purity is demonstrated.     

螺旋式胡椒鲜果脱皮机的设计与试验分析

为解决现有胡椒鲜果脱皮机脱皮不彻底导致含杂率高、脱皮力不当导致果核破碎及果核保护膜破损导致白胡椒色泽不理想等问题,在分析现有胡椒机械加工工艺的基础上,研制出螺旋式胡椒鲜果脱皮机。该机通过螺旋网面挤压胡椒鲜果,胡椒鲜果表皮在螺旋网面及容器内壁发生摩擦作用以完成脱皮。试验结果表明:螺旋式胡椒鲜果脱皮机的脱皮率达93%以上,且果核损伤率低于3%,符合设计要求。     

近红外光谱数据建模方法的研究进展

应用化学计量学对近红外光谱数据进行建模是近红外光谱分析中的难点和关键。随着研究的深入,现有分析建模的改进算法和新方法的应用不断出现。本文详细阐述了数据预处理、定性和定量建模优化方法的研究进展。在降噪消噪方法中,小波(WT)变换是最为常用和有效的工具,应用非常广泛。波长优化选择方法是现在研究的重点之一,主要有遗传算法(GA)、无信息变量消除方法(UVE)和连续投影算法(SPA)等。在模型优化算法中,主要是在偏最小二乘法(PLS)、人工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM)的基础上提出多种改进算法,能够更加有效地优化模型。但每种算法各具优点的同时也存在着一定的局限性,对于不同类型待测物的数学模型,优化的方法也有所不同,所以在实际应用中将多种数学挖掘方法结合,相互取长补短,将成为今后研究趋势。      

工作静轨迹反求旋转式分插机构齿轮节曲线

为了得到更为理想的旋转式分插机构工作轨迹,做了以下研究:首先,分析旋转式分插机构的工作原理和结构特点;然后,根据秧针工作静轨迹计算相关参数,并设计非圆齿轮节曲线;同时,基于MATLAB开发了由工作静轨迹反求旋转式分插机构非圆齿轮节曲线的辅助分析与计算软件,仿真出由该非圆齿轮节曲线和相关参数得到的新的秧针工作静轨迹。通过2条秧针工作静轨迹对比,验证了该设计方法得到的非圆齿轮节曲线能够较好地满足分插机构工作静轨迹要求,从而为分插机构结构设计提供参考。     

基于动态性能的车架结构模型分析研究

客车车架的动态特性是影响整车振动舒适性的关键因素。为探讨纵横梁结构对某轻型客车车架动态特性的影响,建立车架的研究性模型,对研究性模型进行多种方案的计算分析,综合各方案的计算结果,确定影响车架动态特性最大的结构特征,以此为基础对原车架进行改进,提高了车架的模态频率。计算结果表明,该研究方法简便有效,可推广应用于对其它结构的研究。     

基于智能称重的水果分级生产线设计

设计了一种基于智能称重的可以用于多种类球型水果实时、动态检测的分级生产线。整条生产线由水果输送装置、称重装置、控制装置、分级执行装置和托盘机构组成,水果输送装置将水果逐个输送到水果分级生产线的托盘机构,托盘机构随滑块循环运动至称重台上完成称重,质量信息传送至控制装置,控制装置根据国家标准判定每个水果的等级,发出指令传送给分级执行装置,完成水果的分级。     

应用gfp对盐单胞菌C6可能转座酶A基因启动区的鉴定

盐单胞菌（Ｈａｌｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．）Ｃ６与耐盐有关的可能转座酶Ａ基因长１７０７ｂｐ,编码５６８个氨基酸,其上游１￣１７１ｂｐ ＤＮＡ区域内含有核糖体结合位点ＧＡＧＧ和类似于大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ）ｐｒｏＵ、ｐｒｏＰ和ｇａｌｐＩ、枯草牙胞杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）白基因ｇｆｐ为报告基因,启动子探针载体ｐＨＮ１２７为载体质粒,通过亚克隆,在ｐＨＮ１２７无启动子的ｇｆｐ基因上游插入了包     

黑龙江省农业资源配置现状及调整方向

资源配置从来都处于调整之中，稳定不变的资源配置是没有的。黑龙江省资源相对丰度较高，农业资源环境较好，但资源配置仍存在着不容忽视的问题。形势发展要求应立足于黑龙江省特有的自然、经济以及社会条件，调整农业资源配置方向。