波兰小麦对普通小麦部分品质指标的改良作用

为了探讨波兰小麦对普通小麦品质指标的改良作用,测定了波兰小麦×中13杂交后代41个株系的蛋白质含量、沉降值及面筋含量.结果表明,杂交后代株系平均蛋白质含量、沉降值、干面筋含量和湿面筋含量都显著高于普通小麦亲本中13.杂交后代株系的蛋白质含量平均值与优质对照品种小偃6号间没有显著差异,而且有5个株系还高于对照,但杂交后代株系的平均沉降值和平均湿面筋舍量没有达到小偃6号的水平.BC1自交后代株系与BC2自交后代株系间的平均蛋白质含量和平均干、湿面筋含量没有显著性差异.这些结果表明,波兰小麦对普通小麦蛋白质含量、沉降值和面筋含量具有显著改良作用.     

干旱胁迫下杂草稻和栽培稻根系基因表达差异研究

利用Affymetrix水稻表达谱芯片(GeneChip Rice Genome Array)研究抗旱杂草稻HEB07-2与巴西陆稻(IAPAR9)在PEG模拟干旱胁迫下根系基因表达变化。结果表明,杂草稻HEB07-2转录组对干旱信号的响应程度与方向均与巴西陆稻存在很大差异,HEB07-2以正向调控为主,而巴西陆稻以负调控为主。干旱胁迫下杂草稻HEB07-2与巴西陆稻分别有6878个和2923个基因表达,其中HEB07-2受干旱胁迫诱导上调的基因有4693个,下调的基因有2185个;而巴西陆稻则分别有983个和1940个。在差异基因表达的倍数上也是HEB07-2高于巴西陆稻。进一步的GO分析表明,在干旱胁迫下,HEB07-2和IAPAR9根系基因响应途径的差异表现为HEB07-2在钾离子转运(GO:0006813)、次生物质代谢(GO:0019748)、细胞生长(GO:0016049)、葡萄糖代谢(GO:0006006)、跨膜离子转运器活性(GO:0015075)、亚铁血红素结合体(GO:0020037)、氧化还原酶活性(GO:0016491)等方面基因显著上调,这与生理数据和表型数据一致。     

不同春小麦品种碳同位素分辨率和叶绿素含量的差异及其与抗旱性的关系

为了研究不同春小麦品种年际间碳同位素分辨率（Δ）的稳定性及其与叶绿素含量的关系,选择不同生态区的小麦品种,分析不同年份不同品种Δ及不同部位Δ的差异,并分析了Δ与叶绿素含量的关系。结果表明,不同年份同一品种的Δ差异很小,稳定性好,同一年份不同品种的Δ差异较大,旱地小麦品种的Δ低于水地小麦品种。同一品种不同部位Δ存在较大差异,叶片Δ与茎秆Δ很接近,且高于籽粒Δ。不同品种的叶绿素含量差异较大,旱地小麦品种的叶绿素含量低于水地小麦品种,Δ与叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关。     

茶树挥发性萜类物质及其糖苷化合物生物合成的研究进展

挥发性单萜（C₁₀）与倍半萜（C₁₅）,常具有宜人的花果香气。茶鲜叶中此类物质的种类及其糖苷化合物的含量和水解对成品茶的香气香型有重要影响。就可能影响茶树挥发性萜类物质及其糖苷化合物合成途径中的限速反应和相关的酶进行综述,认为1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原异构酶（DXR）和羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）是影响萜类代谢前体异戊烯基焦磷酸（IPP）及二甲烯丙基焦磷酸（DMAPP）的限速酶。单萜和倍半萜合成酶是挥发性萜类化合物生物合成途径中的关键酶。此外,糖基转移酶可能与茶鲜叶中糖苷态萜类香气化合物的合成和积累有关。糖苷水解酶则催化茶鲜叶中糖苷态香气物质的水解,导致香气物质的释放。调节相关基因的表达,将有可能控制萜类代谢流向挥发性萜类合成分支。本文还讨论了影响茶叶香气品质的其他因素,如茶树品种、栽培环境,以及加工方法等。     

水稻黄绿叶突变体ygl11(t)的生理特性和基因克隆

在水稻品种南粳41中发现了一个黄绿叶自然突变体,经过多代连续自交形成了稳定的突变系,命名为ygl11(t),ygl11(t)整个生育期叶片都表现为黄绿色。对苗期、分蘖盛期、齐穗期突变体和野生型的叶绿素含量进行测定,ygl11(t)的叶绿素含量是野生型的45.7%~74.7%,叶绿素a含量是野生型的55.2%~87.5%,叶绿素b含量是野生型的12.5%~25.3%,ygl11(t)的类胡萝卜素的含量是野生型的62.3%~97.0%。ygl11(t)在分蘖盛期的净光合速率显著高于野生型,花后10d,ygl11(t)的净光合速率比野生型略低。对突变体叶片中叶绿体的超微结构进行观察,发现突变体叶绿体内的类囊体基粒片层数目减少且严重扭曲变形。遗传分析表明,ygl11(t)叶色性状受1对隐性核基因控制。利用SSR分子标记将YGL11(t)初步定位在水稻第10染色体的长臂上,进一步利用新开发的InDel和CAPS标记将YGL11(t)定位在58.1kb的物理距离内。对该区段内存在的开放阅读框进行序列分析,发现突变体ygl11(t)中编码叶绿素a氧化酶(chlorophyll a oxygenase 1)基因(OsCAO 1)的第9个外显子存在2个碱基缺失,从而导致提前出现终止密码子,初步分析OsCAO1即为YGL11(t)的候选基因。     

小麦 黑麦大穗型衍生后代的分子细胞学鉴定

为创制大穗型小麦种质材料,利用具有大穗多小穗性状的小麦-黑麦双二倍体材料"兰小黑"和普通小麦杂交得到一批大穗型衍生后代.综合采用基因组原位杂交(GISH)、SCAR标记、微卫星(SSR)和醇溶蛋白(A-PAGE)技术对这些大穗型后代中的8个单株进行分子细胞学鉴定.结果表明,GISH检测后代含2个外源信号;1RS特异SCAR标记检测后代均含有黑麦1.5 kb的1RS特征条带;醇溶蛋白检测后代都出现了黑麦碱基因Sec-1特征条带.筛选小麦21条染色体长短臂上各6对引物,结果发现只有1BS上的3对引物未扩增出1BS的条带,其余引物均扩增出了各自的相应条带.由此确定这8株小麦-黑麦大穗型衍生后代为1BL/1RS易位材料.     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

水生动物源嗜芳香环弧菌的鉴定及耐药性分析

本研究从患病的半滑舌鳎分离得到5株弧菌,对其进行种属鉴定,并研究其耐药性及分子水平耐药机制。采用生化检测方法和分子生物学方法(基因16S rRNA、HSP60和mreB)进行鉴定,结果显示,5株弧菌均为嗜芳香环弧菌。通过肉汤稀释法检测菌株对抗菌药物的耐药性,通过PCR扩增和测序技术检测菌株中耐药基因和4类整合子并对其携带基因盒进行分析。结果显示,5株嗜芳香环弧菌均对环丙沙星、链霉素、红霉素、氟苯尼考、氨苄西林、磺胺甲恶唑、复方新诺明和利福平耐药,且均携带qnr VC、bla CARB-17、strA、strB和sul耐药基因。此外,菌株JS291和JS295携带Ⅰ类整合子、qacEΔ1和sul1耐药基因;可变区携带基因盒分别为dfr16-aad A2和arr-3-dfr A27。5株嗜芳香环弧菌为多重耐药菌株,且多重耐药表型与耐药基因密切相关。     

苏东坡笔下的“点茶三昧手”“南屏谦师”探究

关于苏东坡笔下的"点茶三昧手""南屏谦师",其佛事和茶事记载几乎为零。本文试图对一些现存史料与研究文章进行分析,列举出宋代杭州一带与"南屏"和"谦"字相关的四位法师的佛事与茶事履迹,通过分析神悟处谦法师、臻谦法师、南屏梵臻法师和"谦"师等四人种种迹象及其与苏东坡交往的关联度,认为臻谦法师的茶事痕迹与苏东坡关系最密,最符合和具备苏东坡所指的"南屏谦师"的条件,而臻谦法师则与南屏梵臻为同一人,也就是苏东坡笔下的"点茶三昧手"。     

Seasonal Changes of Mineral Nutrients in Fruit and Leaves of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ Navel Oranges

In southern Jiangxi province of China, ‘Newhall’(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) navel orange presented a conspicuous symptom of boron (B) deficiency in mature leaves, whereas B deficiency symptoms were not manifested on ‘Skagg's Bonanza’(C. sinensis Osbeck) navel orange. In this study, changes in concentrations of B, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were comparatively investigated in the structural parts of the fruit (rind and pulp) and leaves (old leaves from last season and spring-flush leaves from current year) of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ navel orange during the growing season. Two peaks of B concentrations were observed in the rind of the two cultivars during fruitlet growth and fruit enlargement, respectively. Boron concentrations were relatively high in the rind during fruitlet growth, and then decreased in both rind and pulp, whereas, during middle and late fruit enlargement significant increases were found for B in both rind and pulp of the two cultivars. Boron concentrations in old leaves of ‘Newhall’ decreased progressively and remained relatively low, whereas that of ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ was relatively high and changed slightly as the season progresses. Both Ca and K concentrations were above the critical threshold values, while their dynamics were reverse to that of B in fruit and leaves during certain times. Old leaf Mg concentrations of samples at 140 days after full bloom from the two cultivars and spring-flush leaves from ‘Newhall’ were below the threshold limit for sufficiency. In addition, Mg in old leaves was much lower from ‘Newhall’ than from ‘Skagg's Bonanza’. Spring-flush leaf concentrations of Mn and Zn and Mn concentrations in old leaves from ‘Newhall’ were relatively lacking during middle and late season, which accelerated the occurrence of B deficiency symptoms on mature leaves of ‘Newhall.’