贵州省森林康养资源空间分布特征及影响因素分析

以贵州省内“中国森林康养基地”“贵州省森林康养基地”和“中国森林氧吧”“贵州省森林氧吧”共计103处为研究对象,运用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数、核密度分析等分析贵州省103处森林康养基地及氧吧的空间分布特征,运用叠加分析、相关分析和拟合分析探究影响其空间布局的自然及社会人文因素。结果表明：整体上,贵州省森林康养资源空间分布呈凝聚型;市域尺度上,森林康养资源空间分布差异大,贵阳市、黔南州和毕节市为随机型,黔东南州、安顺市、六盘水市、黔西南州和铜仁市为均匀型,遵义市为凝聚型;贵州省森林康养资源呈现“整体分散、多核聚集”的分布特征;社会经济因素（距中心城市距离、人口和经济发展水平）是影响贵州省森林康养资源空间分布的主要因素。研究结果可为贵州省森林康养资源的空间布局优化和森林康养产业发展提供参考。     

微波辐射和浸种对华山松种子生活力和发芽的影响

为了解微波辐射和清水2因素不同水平组合对华山松种子吸水、生活力和种仁发芽率的影响,以及微波辐射结合清水和GA₃溶液浸种3因素对华山松种子发芽率的影响,采用L₉(3⁴)正交设计开展试验实施。结果表明：微波辐射和清水浸种处理组合的种子生活力、种子、种仁和种壳吸水率分别为75.3%～88.0%（CK的为94.7%）、6.63%～10.44%、15.00%～23.80%和0.98%～4.87%,处理组合间种子和种仁吸水率均具有极显著的差异（P < 0.01）;影响生活力的主导因子是微波辐射和清水浸种时间的交互作用,影响种子和种仁吸水率的则是清水浸种时间;测定（TTC法）的和未测定生活力的种仁发芽率分别为4.0%～22.8%和52.7%～90.0%,CK的为4.7%和60.0%,微波辐射是影响种仁发芽率的主导因子。微波辐射结合清水和GA₃溶液浸种的组合,种子场圃发芽率为56.0%～71.6%（CK的为56.0%）,清水和GA₃浸种的交互作用是影响种子场圃发芽率的主导因子。微波辐射和清水浸种的组合降低种子生活力。清水浸种8 h时,种子吸水基本达到饱和;微波辐射15 s,清水浸种12 h后0.05 g/L GA₃溶液浸种,提高华山松种子场圃发芽率,可应用于生产实践。     

松墨天牛肠道BS16基因组及其纤维素酶活特性分析

蜡状芽孢杆菌BS16是从松墨天牛肠道筛选获得的1株具有纤维素酶活性的细菌,为了解BS16的菌株基因组特性及其纤维素降解功能,采用扫描电镜、基因组学分析、DNS法探究BS16的形态特征、纤维素酶解基因、纤维素酶活。结果表明：BS16的细胞为胶囊状,长为3～4 µm,直径为0.5～1.2 µm;蜡状芽孢杆菌BS16基因组全长5 347 914 bp,包含5 494个基因,其中包括5 338个蛋白质编码基因、11个rRNA基因、102个tRNA基因和17个sRNA基因;BS16基因组中主要由GH4、GH5、GH8、GH13家族编码纤维素酶;蜡状芽孢杆菌BS16具有完整的纤维素酶系,在其分泌的纤维素酶中内切葡聚糖酶活性最高为（2.186 ± 0.081）U/mL,其内切葡聚糖酶的酶活性最适pH值为5.0、最适温度为40 ℃。     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.     

Design and Synthesis of Novel Phenylahistin Derivatives Based on Co-Crystal Structures as Potent Microtubule Inhibitors for Anti-Cancer Therapy

Phenylahistin is a naturally occurring marine product with a diketopiperazine structure that can bind to the colchicine site of microtubulin as a possible anticancer agent. To develop more potent microtubule inhibitors, novel phenylahistin derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the co-crystal complexes of phenylahistin derivatives and microtubulin. We established a focused library of imidazole-type molecules for the introduction of different groups to the C-ring and A-ring of phenylahistin. Structure–activity relationship studies indicated that appropriate hydrocarbon substituents and unsaturated alkenyl substituents at the 1-position of the imidazole group are important for improving the activity of such compounds. In addition, this study found that propylamine groups could maintain the activity of these compounds, as exemplified by compound 16d (IC₅₀ = 5.38 nM, NCI-H460). Compound 15p (IC₅₀ = 1.03 nM, NCI-H460) with an allyl group exhibited potent cytotoxic activity at the nanomolar level against human lung cancer cell lines. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that compound 15p could efficiently inhibited microtubule polymerization and induced a high expression of caspase-3. 15p also displayed good pharmacokinetic characteristics in vitro. Additionally, the growth of H22 transplanted tumors was significantly inhibited in BALB/c mice when 15p alone was administered at 4 mg/kg, and the tumor inhibition rate was as much as 65%. Importantly, the continuous administration of 15p resulted in a lower toxicity than that of docetaxel (10 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). Overall, the novel allyl-imidazole-diketopiperazine-type derivatives could be considered safe and effective potential agents for cancer treatment.     

Sulfur-Containing Metabolites from Marine and Terrestrial Fungal Sources: Origin,Structures, and Bioactivities

Organosulfur natural products (NPs) refer to the different kinds of small molecular-containing sulfur (S) elements. Sulfur-containing NPs tightly link to the biochemical processes and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of S-containing NPs are generally isolated from Alliaceae plants or bacteria, and those from fungi are still relatively rare. In recent years, an increasing number of S-containing metabolites have been discovered in marine and terrestrial fungi, but there is no comprehensive and targeted review to summarize the studies. In order to make it more straightforward to better grasp the fungal-derived S-containing NPs and understand the particularity of marine S-containing NPs compared to those from terrestrial fungi, we summarized the chemical structures and biological activities of 89 new fungal-derived S-containing metabolites from 1929 when the penicillin was discovered to the present in this current review. The structural and bioactive diversity of these S-containing metabolites were concluded in detail, and the preliminary mechanism for C-S bond formation in fungi was also discussed briefly.     

批次式与连续式包衣处理小麦种子质量对比分析

随着包衣处理小麦种植面积逐年上升,包衣质量与包衣效率成为加工应用中越来越重要的考虑因素。为了解不同包衣方式之间包衣质量的差异,避免由于包衣质量原因引起药效问题,选用市场常见的两款设备对小麦种子进行了包衣处理,并在包衣覆盖度、有效成分附着、粉尘脱落率、标准发芽率以及低温发芽率等多个方面进行了对比测试与分析。结果表明,批次式包衣处理在覆盖度上显著优于连续式包衣处理,但是有效成分附着、粉尘脱落率以及发芽率表现未发现显著性差异,两种处理方式均有良好的包衣质量;连续式包衣处理极大地提升了包衣效能,可以有效地缩短操作周期与包衣种子的储藏时间,从而在生产中实现高质高效、轻工省力的目的。     

艾草的研究现状、应用与展望

艾草是一种传统中药材,性温和,具有抑菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗癌和抗氧化等多重功效,目前被广泛应用于医疗、食品、工业和农业等多个领域,市场前景广阔。通过对艾草化学成分、药理作用、在不同领域应用现状及艾草种植技术研究进展进行综述,分析艾草在生产中存在的主要问题,并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为艾草进一步深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

基于超高频RFID双天线双标签对照的果园单轨运输机定位

针对果园单轨运输机在轨位置精准感知的应用需求,该文基于超高频射频识别技术（radio frequency identification, RFID）接收信号强度数据进行了运输机定位试验研究。该研究通过分析RFID通信特征,设计了RFID双天线双标签对照的运输机定位方法,构建了能量传输定位模型和路径损耗定位模型;通过阅读器单天线试验,得到当前RFID设备的安装参数,确定了阅读器天线与轨道标签之间的最优垂直距离为20 cm,双标签之间的最优水平在轨距离为45 cm;通过双天线试验及数据分析,得到适用于试验环境的最优定位模型系数。试验结果表明,该研究提出的定位模型能够有效降低噪声干扰,减少定位误差。RFID设备在最优定位参数条件下,使用路径损耗定位模型得到的最小定位误差均值为1.007 0 cm。该研究验证了基于超高频RFID对果园单轨运输机定位的可行性,提升了运输机运行安全性和可靠性。     

碳纳米管在作物研究中的应用进展与分析

碳纳米管在农作物研究中的应用对象已经涵盖了大米、玉米、小麦、番茄、葡萄等常见的农作物。由于研究目的不同,使用的碳纳米管种类、分散方式、浓度也不同,导致文献中出现了试验结果多样化的问题。为了建立一个较为统一的碳纳米管试验框架,该研究首先以作物培育、抗逆、生理指标监测和农业基因工程为纲,对碳纳米管在作物研究中的应用进展进行了综述,并归纳了文献中使用的碳纳米管参数及其应用效果。通过综合分析,论证了作物研究中存在碳纳米管有效浓度未知、特异性作用不明显、间接生物毒性研究不足的问题,并针对性地给出了作物研究中的碳纳米管试验方案建议,包括碳纳米管的选型、培养基的制备以及表征方法。最后,与以往利用原始和共价修饰的碳纳米管进行作物培育不同,在未来,利用非共价修饰的碳纳米管或碳纳米管的非共价堆积作用进行作物研究是重要的发展方向。