水稻OsZ314基因克隆及转录激活验证

穗是水稻(Oryza sativa L.)重要的生殖器官,其生长发育直接影响水稻的产量和品质。前期研究中,我们对水稻生殖生长时期穗发育各阶段的转录组、蛋白组数据进行联合分析,筛选到一个MYB基因家族的转录因子OsZ314基因。生物学信息分析表明,该基因位于1号染色体上,拥有典型的R2R3-MYB型转录因子结构域,且在水稻幼穗时期表达量最高;亚细胞定位结果显示,OsZ314基因定位于细胞核中;转录激活试验表明,OsZ314基因具有转录激活功能。本研究为深入探索OsZ314基因在水稻穗发育时期的分子生物学功能奠定了良好的基础。     

猪链球菌病和副猪嗜血杆菌病鉴别诊断与防治方案

猪链球菌病和副猪嗜血杆菌病是由猪链球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌这两类猪场常在菌引起的。这两类细菌会对各个年龄阶段的猪群易感,尤其以仔猪最易感。同时,它们给养殖业临床生产造成了巨大的困扰并引起巨大的经济损失。这两类疾病所引起的临床症状及其相似,会造成临床治疗时因鉴别错误而耽误最佳的治疗时间。文章旨在通过临床诊断以及解剖观察的病理变化来区分两种疾病,并提供防治方案。     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

工业大麻割晒机的三维仿真设计

针对当前我国工业大麻割晒机研究现状与发展需求,运用三维软件UG设计了一款工业大麻割晒机,包括夹持输送机构、切割机构、传动机构、机架等。首先对星轮式拨禾机构、往复式切割器等零部件进行三维建模,然后根据各零部件之间的准确约束进行整机装配,并对样机各运转部件进行了干涉检查,仿真结果表明所设计的工业大麻割晒机符合农艺要求,并为后续的虚拟样机运动仿真、割台的结构优化奠定了良好的基础,提高了样机的研发速度。     

我国名人故居保护与利用的回顾与展望

指出了名人故居保护与利用是当前我国历史文化建筑保护的重要内容,通过对我国名人故居研究现况和保护阶段的梳理,从特征内涵、保护传承和开发利用3个方面归纳了我国现有名人故居保护的基本内容与特点。以此为基础,探讨了对名人故居保护利用研究的趋势与展望。     

黄河三角洲棉区机采棉品种筛选试验

通过机采棉品种筛选试验,筛选出适宜黄河三角洲地区气候条件和种植制度的机采棉品种。结果表明:鲁棉研37号和K836属中熟偏早品种,吐絮早而集中,株型紧凑抗倒伏,产量水平高,抗病性强,为该地区较适宜的机采棉品种。     

河北省塞罕坝机械林场改革发展调研报告

塞罕坝机械林场建场52年来完成了4项历史任务,为京津地区筑起了一道绿色生态屏障,成为京津重要生态区。林场通过内部体制改革,引入竞争机制,实行场长任期目标管理责任制,全面推行绩效工资制度、目标承诺制度和领导包保森林防火风险抵押金制度,着力培育新的产业经济增长点,各项事业健康发展,生态建设取得辉煌成就。但林场发展面临定位不清、体制不顺、生产生活等基础设施相对滞后、社会保障制度不健全等问题。对策:从根本上解决体制问题,明确定位,分类经营,完善社会保障,促进林场稳定与发展。     

Summer drought decreases Leymus chinensis productivity through constraining the bud,tiller and shoot production

Extreme drought events can directly decrease productivity in perennial grasslands. However, for rhizomatous perennial grasses it remains unknown how drought events influence the belowground bud bank which determines future productivity. Ninety‐day‐long drought events imposed on Leymus chinensis, a rhizomatous perennial grass, caused a 41% decrease in the aboveground biomass and a 28% decrease in belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass decreased due to decrease in both the parent and the daughter shoot biomass. The decreases in daughter shoot biomass were due to reductions in both the shoot number and each individual shoot weight. Most importantly, drought decreased the bud bank density by 56%. In addition, drought induced a bud allocation change that decreased by 41% the proportion of buds that developed into shoots and a 41% increase in the buds that developed into rhizomes. Above results were supported by our field experiment with watering treatments. Thus, a 90‐day‐long summer drought event decreases not only current productivity but also future productivity, because the drought reduces the absolute bud number. However, plasticity in plant development does partly compensate for this reduction in bud number by increasing bud development into rhizomes, which increases the relative allocation of buds into future shoots, at the cost of a decrease in current shoots.     

Puerarin improved growth performance and postmortem meat quality by regulating lipid metabolism of cattle under hot environment

This study aims to evaluate the effect of puerarin on performance, meat quality, and serum indexes of beef cattle under hot environment. Thirty-two bulls were divided into four groups and fed diet supplemented with puerarin at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Results showed that heat stress was employed for 54 out of 60 days, 400 mg/kg group declined serum cortisol (COR) contents, all treatments increased the contents of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total superoxide dismutase activity; in addition, glutathione peroxidase activity of 200 mg/kg group were enhanced, only 800 mg/kg group enhanced immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents compared with the control (p < .05). Moreover, 400-mg/kg puerarin increased serum growth hormone levels compared with 200 mg/kg group but declined COR concentrations compared with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups (p < .05). More importantly, average daily gain and daily matter intake, and intramuscular fat contents of 400 mg/kg group were enhanced, but the shear force of beef in 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups were declined compared with the control (p < .05). These findings indicated that supplemental with puerarin enhanced immune and antioxidant, and 400 mg/kg of puerarin improved performance and meat quality by normalizing levels of stress hormones and increasing intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle under hot environment.     

陆地棉自然群体纤维强度性状的全基因组关联分析

纤维强度是衡量棉花纤维品质的重要指标之一。了解棉纤维强度形成的遗传基础对棉花纤维品质的遗传改良具有重要的指导意义。本研究利用83份纤维强度差异显著的陆地棉材料，采用广义线性模型（General linear model, GLM），对5个环境的纤维强度及最佳线性无偏估计值（Best linear unbiased prediction，BLUP）进行全基因组关联分析（Genome-wide association study，GWAS）。结果表明，各环境纤维强度基本符合正态分布，且存在丰富的变异，变异系数为5.55%～8.44%，广义遗传力达到88.67%。GWAS共检测到19个稳定的显著关联SNP位点，分布在A01、A06、D05、D08、D10、D11和D13等7条染色体上，合并为9个数量性状位点（Quantitative trait locus， QTL）区间，其中4个QTL区间与前人定位的QTL区间重叠，其它5个QTL区间是本研究新发现的控制纤维强度性状的稳定位点。根据区间内基因的表达模式及功能注释，共筛选出4个可能与纤维强度相关的候选基因。本研究通过对棉花纤维强度进行全基因组关联分析，为棉花纤维品质性状的分子遗传改良奠定了基础。