Retrospective analysis of nonradiation complications in dogs undergoing radiation therapy

Dogs receiving radiation can develop complications unrelated to the radiation treatment. No study to date has described these complications in clinical patients undergoing multiple radiation therapy treatments. The purpose of this retrospective case‐control study was to characterize the incidence and type of complications that occur in these dogs. A secondary goal was to evaluate whether patient and treatment characteristics could be identified to predict the risk of these complications. Medical records of 268 dogs receiving at least one radiation treatment at a single institution, between September, 2004 and June, 2007 were reviewed. Age, breed, gender, body weight, tumor type, tumor location, number of treatments, pre‐treatment blood work abnormalities, and whether chemotherapy, glucocorticoids, or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were given were collected. Number, type, and severity of nonradiation complications were recorded. Complications attributed to the tumor or to the radiation were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with development of a complication. General anesthesia was used for all treatments. Complications occurred in 101 (37%) cases including diarrhea, vomiting, cough, and loss of appetite, which were typically mild. Seventeen dogs (6%) developed severe complications. Eight dogs (3%) died from their complication. Dogs that developed complications were younger, received more treatments, had leukocytosis, received glucocorticoids, and were less likely to have thrombocytopenia. On multivariate analysis, number of treatments and leukocytosis were significantly associated with complications. Findings indicate that nonradiation complications are common in dogs receiving radiotherapy under general anesthesia. In this population, complications were usually mild or self‐limiting.     

乙脑病毒PrME基因在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

本试验将乙型脑炎病毒（ＪＥＶ）的ＰｒＭ／Ｅ基因的ＨｉｎｄⅢ－ＢｇｌⅡ片段（２．１ｋｂ）插入到杆状病毒载体ｐＡｃＵＷ３１的ＢａｍＨＩ位点,使外源基因置于多角体蛋白启动予下游,构建成转移载体ｐＡｃＵＷ３１ＪＥ,以Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ作为共转染试剂,将纯化的ｐＡｃＵＷ３１ＪＥ与Ｂｓｕ３６Ｉ线性化的杆状病毒ＡｃＭＮＰＶ．ＬａｃＺＤＮＡ共转染昆虫ｓｆ９经病毒蚀斑纯化技术和Ｘ－ｇａｌ与中性红双重染色技术,随机     

胆碱在奶牛生产中的研究与应用

胆碱作为一种B族维生素对反刍动物高产的潜在效益已引起人们的关注。文章综述了近年来胆碱的应用理论与研究进展,包括胆碱的生物学功能以及在反刍动物体内的消化、吸收、代谢和保护性胆碱在奶牛日粮中的应用功效等。     

夏季休牧对高寒矮嵩草草甸温室气体排放的影响

以高寒矮嵩草草甸为研究对象,利用密闭箱－气相色谱法,对夏季休牧8a的围栏草地(休牧草地)和全年放牧的草地(放牧草地)的温室气体排放通量、土壤特性和生物量进行了对比研究。结果表明：与放牧草地相比,休牧草地植被盖度较之高41％,单位面积生物量较之高53％。同时,土壤特性也有较大不同;休牧草地的植被－土壤系统CO₂排放通量比放牧草地低20.7％,测定期间两者CO₂排放通量以每天每公顷排放C的质量计分别为30.7和38.7 kg·(hm²·d)^-1;试验期间高寒矮嵩草草甸植被－土壤系统是大气CH₄的弱汇,休牧后草地土壤对CH₄的吸收能力增强,休牧和放牧草地CH₄的平均吸收强度分别为28.1和21.9 g·(hm²·d)^-1;休牧草地土壤N₂O排放通量比放牧草地低,两者排放通量分别为4.5和7.6 g·(hm²·d)^-1。可见,夏季休牧措施降低了草地对大气中温室气体浓度增加的贡献。     

不同鱼腥草生物特性及高效高产栽培技术研究

对鱼腥草的生物学特性进行了调查观察,特别对鱼腥草的人工栽培技术等方面进行了探索研究。收集鱼腥草种质资源23个,进行种植保存;并建立30多亩生产示范基地。结果：不同种源鱼腥草主要经济性状存在显著差异,其中地上茎叶产量以11号处理最高干品产量达0.93kg/m^2,比最低的10号处理0.38kg/m^2高144.74%。地下根鲜产量以处理4最高达5.5kg/m^2,比最低的17号处理1.7kg/m^2高223.53%;通过对23个种源地上干品产量、地下根鲜品产量统计比较结果,可选用11号、17号、16号等作为售茎叶为主的药用栽培品种,3号、4号、13号等作为售鲜根为主的菜用栽培品种。在栽培地上套种吊瓜可增产增效。     

一种新型集蔗器的结构设计及其有限元分析

集蔗器是甘蔗收割机中用来收集甘蔗的装置。通过总结前人所设计的集蔗器的优缺点,提出了一种新型集蔗机构—挡板式斜集集蔗器,并进行了结构设计、参数计算和三维建模;最后,为了验证所设计的集蔗器转轴的尺寸的合理性,通过有限元分析了软件ANSYS分析它在受外力情况下的变形情况和整体的应力分布情况。     

土壤水分与毛白杨蒸腾耗水关系的研究

以不同水分条件下盆栽苗木和大田幼林为材料，对土壤水分与毛白杨蒸腾耗水的关系进行了分析研究，并建立了蒸腾耗水量模型。结果表明，土壤水分含量与蒸腾耗水量之间呈极显著正相关，且土壤水分状况还影响蒸腾节律；蒸腾耗水量因不同的土壤水分条件、供水历程、气象等因素而具有不同的变化特点。     

β干扰素转基因小鼠的建立和特性研究

选择ICR小鼠为受试动物,应用显微注射仪,将线状人β干扰素基因,按2940～10000拷贝,1～3pL的剂量注射到供体受精卵的雄前核,然后移植到假孕受体的输卵管。实验先后注射了301个受精卵,移植到20只假孕受体,其中5只妊娠,产仔25只。从所获得的25只亲代小鼠的尾组织提取DNA,用内切酶BamHI消化,以[α-~(32)P]-dCTP标记的上述外源基因为特异性核酸探针,应用DNA印迹法检测这些小鼠DNA内外源基因的整合状况.结果表明,亲代小鼠中有人β干扰素基因重组子的转基因小鼠,杂交带在6.8kb位置。应用上述同样方法对亲代转基因小鼠的子1代组织DNA检测发现,绝大多数小鼠的标本除见到1条1.8kb人β干扰素基因的较弱杂交带外,还有数条5.0kb以上强弱各异的杂交带,表明这种外源基因不仅整合到了亲代小鼠的遗传物质内,而且可经垂直方式传给子代。人β干扰素基因的鼠体水平表达检测发现,1只子1代转基因小鼠的肿瘤组织浸出液中含有人β干扰素,滴度达160U/mL,表明整合在小鼠DNA内的人β干扰素外源基因不经诱导而有一定表达。     

野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑及其杂交后代的行为规律研究

将微山湖野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑杂交F2代按1公∶5母进行分组,采用秒表单位记时法观察鹌鹑的行为,并引用同期亲本和F1代的相同资料,对鸣叫、打斗和交配行为频次进行比较。结果表明:①杂交F2代鹌鹑鸣叫行为比家鹑低,除10∶00～11∶00外,其余时间段均存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～15∶00与野生日本鸣鹑存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～16∶00杂交F1代有显著差异(P<0.05);②杂交F2代鹌鹑打斗行为除16∶00～17∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代无显著差异;③杂交F2代鹌鹑交配行为除16∶00～18∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代均有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

Characterization and immunogenicity of an apxIA mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious and often fatal disease. A candidate live vaccine strain, potentially capable of cross-serovar protection, was constructed by deleting the section of the apxIA gene coding for the C-terminal segment of ApxI toxin of the A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 10 reference strain (D13039) and inserting a chloramphenicol resistance gene cassette. The mutant strain (termed D13039A(-)Chl(r)) produced an approximately 48kDa protein corresponding to the N-terminus of the ApxI toxin, and exhibited no haemolytic activity and lower virulence in mice compared with the parental strain. The mutant was evaluated in a vaccination-challenge trial in which pigs were given two intra-nasal doses of the mutant at 14 days intervals and then challenged 14 days after the last vaccination with either A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1 (4074) or serovar 2 (S1536) or serovar 10 (D13039) reference strains. The haemolysin neutralisation titres of the pre-challenge sera were significantly higher in the vaccinated pigs than in the unvaccinated pigs. The mortalities, clinical signs and lung lesion scores in the vaccinated pigs were significantly lower than those in the unvaccinated pigs for the serovar 1 challenge. A significantly lower lung lesion score was also observed in the vaccinated pigs, compared with unvaccinated pigs, for serovar 2 challenge. Our work suggests that the mutant strain offers potential as a live attenuated pleuropneumonia vaccine that can provide cross-serovar protection.