Partial replacement of fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum single‐cell protein in the diet for juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is a single‐cell protein derived from ethanol production and may have potential to become a substitute for fishmeal in aquafeeds. A 70‐day feeding trial was conducted with black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (mean initial weight 6.03 ± 0.09 g) to evaluate partial replacement of fishmeal with CAP in diets. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with graded levels of CAP (0, 4.85, 9.70, 14.55, 19.40, 38.80 and 58.20%) to replace fishmeal. The inclusion of CAP at all dietary levels tested did not significantly affect the growth performance (p > .05). Fish fed the CAP58.20% diet showed a significantly lower feeding rate, with significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio compared with fish fed the other diets (p < .05). No statistical differences were found in dorsal muscle and whole‐body compositions. Total superoxide dismutase in serum of fish fed CAP58.20% diet was significantly lower compared with that of the control. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities revealed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Phosphorus retention efficiency significantly increased, and phosphorus discharge showed a downward trend with increasing CAP inclusion levels. In conclusion, the results indicated that CAP is a safe and effective alternative protein source, which can replace fishmeal in the diet of black sea bream up to 58.20%, without adverse effects on growth performance, antioxidation and digestive enzyme activity. This study has shown the potential of converting industrial waste into a high protein feed ingredient for aquafeeds.     

宁夏玉米高效再生体系的建立及其影响因素

以4个宁夏玉米品种幼胚为材料,采用组织培养法,研究培养基类型、基因型、外源激素、头孢霉素(Cef)对玉米幼胚培养及再生的影响。结果表明,在愈伤组织诱导过程中,Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号培养基诱导率较高,宁玉12号和宁0816的胚性愈伤组织诱导率相对较高,达到85.3%和82.1%;6-BA对不同基因型愈伤组织分化率的影响不同,添加6-BA对愈伤组织的分化均有促进作用;此外,当Cef质量浓度高于500 mg/L时,愈伤组织分化明显受到抑制。最佳诱导培养基为基本元素N6+水解酪蛋白200 mg/L+脯氨酸690 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+肌醇100 mg/L+AgNO310 mg/L,最佳分化培养基为基本培养基N6+6-BA1.0 mg/L+蔗糖50 g/L。     

节水农业综合效益评价研究进展

【目的】正确评价节水农业,有利于规模化节水农业发展,促进农业可持续发展。【方法】通过对国内外研究资料的分析,探讨节水农业综合效益评价研究的发展情况。【结果】提出了节水农业综合效益评价未来的发展趋势,阐述近年来广泛应用的综合效益评价方法。【结论】综合效益评价已经涉及人类生活领域的各个方面,其应用的范围也越来越广,所使用的方法也越来越多,因此对综合评价的方法和理论进行整理、总结,具有重要意义。     

苦荞新品种‘晋荞麦2号’丰产稳产性分析及应用前景

为北方苦荞生产中提供合理利用‘晋荞麦2号’的依据,根据2006-2008年度国家苦荞品种（北方组）区域试验和2008年度国家苦荞生产试验资料,采用方差分析和新复极差测验法、高稳系数法、结合产量变异系数和适应度对品种进行丰产稳产性分析。结果表明,在2006-2008年国家苦荞品种（北方组）区域试验中和2008年国家苦荞生产试验中,‘晋荞麦2号’平均产量分别为2006.0 kg/hm2和2152.5 kg/hm2,分别比统一对照‘九江苦荞’增产13.3%和24.4%;高稳系数分别为39.80%和5.4%,均小于对照‘九江苦荞’;产量变异系数分别为41.58%和38.85%,均小于对照‘九江苦荞’;适应度分别为48.7%和100%,均高于对照‘九江苦荞’。由此得出,‘晋荞麦2号’是一个丰产稳产性高、适应性强的中熟苦荞新品种,具有较好的广适性,品质好,适宜加工各种苦荞保健产品和进行产业化开发,在中国北方苦荞种植区具有良好的应用前景。     

Influence of using plants to design landscape in city recreational squares on environment

Through the investigation on influence of temperature,humidity and effects of landscape in Harbin First Department Store(Hayibai)Center Recreational Square,the influence of landscape designing of plant on the environment was researched.Two improved suggestions were given after analyzing the results of the investigation.One is to further plan the market of designing of city recreational square,and to manage and maintain the city recreational square;the other is to make good policies to control and avoid some large scale political projects.     

不同形态锑对水稻生长及根系形态特征的影响研究

通过溶液培养试验(采用埃斯皮诺营养液),研究不同形态锑[Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)]对常规籼稻(丰美占)生长、根系形态以及不同部位Sb含量的影响。结果表明:Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)均对水稻生长有抑制作用,且Sb(Ⅲ)的毒性较Sb(Ⅴ)高。随Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)处理浓度增加,地上部分和根系Sb含量均显著增加,且大量集中在根系。水稻对Sb(Ⅲ)的转运能力较Sb(Ⅴ)强,导致Sb(Ⅲ)处理下水稻地上部分Sb含量高于Sb(Ⅴ)处理,根系Sb含量则相反。Sb(Ⅲ)的加入显著抑制大多数根系形态参数,包括根长、根面积、根体积、根尖数以及根分叉数;而仅20 mg·L~(-1)Sb(Ⅴ)能显著抑制水稻根面积、根直径、根分叉数。上述结果表明:Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)处理下,水稻能通过降低根面积和分叉数降低对Sb的吸收。随着Sb(Ⅲ)处理浓度增加,水稻细根比例从52.1%降低至41.5%,中等根比例从45.2%增加至55.2%,表明Sb(Ⅲ)处理下水稻能通过增加根系粗度来降低对Sb的吸收;而随着Sb(Ⅴ)处理浓度增加,水稻细根比例在52.1%~56.8%之间波动,中等根比例在41.7%~45.2%之间波动。     

3种中国原产精油的主要成分与抗氧化性能

研究了3种国产精油(茉莉、苦水玫瑰、黄刺玫)的主要成分和抗氧化活性。结果表明3种精油的主要成分分别为芳樟醇(12.85%)、香茅醇(50.02%)、正十九烷(28.67%);茉莉精油对超氧阴离子、羟基自由基的清除效果较好;苦水玫瑰精油对DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)、ABTS(2''-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)自由基的清除效果较好;茉莉花精油降低HaCaT细胞内ROS(reactive oxygen species)含量的能力较强。本研究结果对中国原产芳香植物资源的深入挖掘利用具有重要意义。     

半干旱黄土丘陵区坡耕地土壤容许流失量研究

在理论分析、试验观测、外业调查的基础上,从黄土成土速度、坡耕地表土养分平衡、保持坡耕地土地生产力基本稳定、黄河河道的容许来沙量、当地经济的不断发展及土壤培肥和施肥能力的巨大潜力等角度综合分析,确定2.00t/(hm~2·a)作为半干旱黄土丘陵区坡耕地的土壤容许流失量,在较长时期内是比较合理的。     

东北黑土区冻融、风力、水力交互作用对坡面侵蚀的影响

多种外营力作用的复合侵蚀是东北黑土区坡耕地的主要侵蚀特征,但目前缺乏冻融、风力、水力之间相互作用对复合侵蚀影响的量化研究.基于此,采用室内冻融模拟、风洞试验和降雨模拟试验相结合的研究方法,分析了前期土壤冻融作用对土壤风蚀以及前期土壤冻融和风力叠加作用对后期坡面水蚀的影响.结果表明,前期土壤冻融作用显著增加了后期坡面的风...