Nitric oxide production by macrophages stimulated with Coccidia sporozoites, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon-gamma, and its dynamic changes in SC and TK strains of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of innate and acquired immunities. In the studies reported here, we quantified NO produced in vitro by chicken leukocytes and macrophages and in vivo during the course of experimental infection with Eimeria, the causative agent of avian coccidiosis, and identified macrophages as the primary source of inducible NO. Eimeria tenella-infected chickens produced higher levels of NO compared with noninfected controls. In Eimeria-infected animals, SC chickens produced greater amounts of NO compared with infected TK chickens, particularly in the intestinal cecum, the region of the intestine infected by E. tenella. Macrophages that were isolated from normal spleen were a major source of NO induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and E. tenella sporozoites. Macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU produced high levels of NO in response to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi LPS, whereas the HD-11 macrophage cell line was more responsive to IFN-gamma. These findings are discussed in the context of the genetic differences in SC and TK chickens that may contribute to their divergent disease phenotypes.     

检测狂犬病病毒抗原的夹心间接Dot—ELISA的建立和应用研究

本研究建立了检测狂犬病病毒抗原的夹心间接斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(SI-Dot-ELISA).本法检出狂犬病病毒抗原的最低浓度为:0.01IU/mL的标准抗原,1:100000 (相当于20 LD_(50))的狂犬病病毒CVS株和鹿8202株的鼠脑悬液,1:400(相当于7906TCID_(50)/mL)的狂犬病病毒SAG株的细胞培养物.对多种健康动物的组织、健康细胞培养物以及犬瘟热病毒、犬腺病毒等检测均为阴性.用SI—Dot—ELISA、夹心间接ELISA(SI—ELISA)和小鼠脑内接种3种方法,检测了388份材料,检出的阳性份数分别为173、171和179,经统计学处理,3种方法在狂犬病病毒抗原的检测上,可以相互代替.甲醛灭活病毒不影响本方法的检测,而加入氢氧化铝胶后的病毒悬液则不能用本法检测.本法适用于狂犬病的诊断、流行病学调查、疫苗效价的测定和实验研究中病毒抗原的测定.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒实验感染SPF猪外周血单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞早期凋亡细胞的观察

采用Ａｎｎｅｘｉｎ Ｖ－ＦＩＴＣ／ＰＩ双染色法,用流式细胞仪检测了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）实验感染ＳＰＦ猪不同时期外周血单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞感染Ａｎｎｅｘｉｎ Ｖ－ＦＩＴＣ＾＋／ＰＩ＾－细胞群（早期凋亡细胞群）。结果显示,ＰＲＲＳＶ感染猪外周血单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞Ａｎｎｅｘｉｎ Ｖ－ＦＩＴＣ＾＋／ＰＩ＾－细胞群的表达率均明显高于正常对照猪,感染后２４ｈ表达率达最高值。     

日本对虾的实验室养殖研究

我们曾将发病残存的日本对虾继续养殖作为亲虾,进行夏季高温育苗,所得到的虾苗在实验室里桶养,证明在人工饲养条件下它们是可成活和生长的,本实验还提示,若能解决水质净化问题,日本对虾甚至有可能移至内陆养殖。     

三黄白术片对人工感染鸡传染性法氏囊病的疗效

３组１６日龄小鸡人工感染以鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病毒,４８ｈ后出现临床症状,分别内服三黄白术片,剂量分别为０．３７５ｇ,０．２５ｇ和０．１２５ｇ,每日２次,连服５日,随后的１０日内,治疗组分别死亡１３．３％（４／３０）、１６．７％（５／３０）和４０％（１２／３０）,而未治疗的对照组死亡５３．３％（１６／３０）。在相对增重上,治疗组分别为７３．９％、７０．１％和７１．１％,而未治疗对照组为２５．８％。     

牛副结核检疫中的非特异性干扰

给犊牛接种各种分枝杆菌，然后以副结核ＰＰＤ进行变态反应试验，观察各分枝杆菌感染对副结核变态反应的干扰；从各种分枝杆菌感染牛群采取血清进行副结核ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，以观察各分枝杆菌血清对牛副结核ＥＬＩＳＡ的干扰。结果：多种分枝杆菌，特别是鸟胞内分枝杆菌、瘰疬分枝杆菌的感染可干扰副结核变态反应；部分结核牛血清干扰副结核ＥＬＩＳＡ的检测     

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ivermectin in domestic animal species

The pharmacokinetic properties of drugs are closely related to their pharmacological efficacy. The kinetics of ivermectin are characterised, in general terms, by a slow absorption process, a broad distribution in the organism, low metabolism, and slow excretion. The kinetics vary according to the route of administration, formulation, animal species, body condition, age, and physiological status, all of which contribute to differences in drug efficacy. Characterisation of ivermectin kinetics can be used to predict and optimise the value of the parasiticide effects and to design programmes for parasite control. This article reviews the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in several domestic animal species.     

湘西黄牛肉质特性研究

为研究我国南方优良地方品种湘西黄牛的肉质特性,选用8头湘西黄牛青年公牛,对肉质中的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行了测定.结果表明:鲜肉中脂肪含量为4.80％,蛋白质含量为23.21％;饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为48.43％,不饱和脂肪酸含量(UFA)为41.00％,不饱和脂肪酸在总脂肪酸(TFA)的比例为45.85％...     

畜禽养殖场环境微生物致病性和耐药性调查研究

为了解掌握养殖场中环境微生物对养殖业和公共卫生造成的影响,初步对我国养殖场环境微生物进行了研究。对吉林、湖北等省份的部分养猪场和养鸡场环境采样,并进行大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离鉴定,同时对从鸡舍和猪舍内分离大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌进行动物致病性实验及对13种抗生素的耐药性实验。实验结果表明,所有实验的沙门氏菌和90.7%的大肠杆菌菌株对小白鼠有致病性;所有分离菌株对磺胺类药物的耐药性非常严重,其次是对四环素,对其他药物也有不同程度的耐药性。     

不同激素剂量对幼鼠超数排卵及超排卵质量的影响

应用国产激素制剂对３～８周龄昆明种小白鼠进行了超数排卵处理,重点观察了不同激素剂量对幼龄小鼠的超排效果及超排卵质量的影响。实验结果表明,以ＰＭＳＧ与ｈＣＧ各１０ＩＵ剂量超排３～８周龄小鼠,５周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵８３．８±１０．２个）极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）好于４～８周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵３９．２～４９．８个）,而３周龄小鼠超排卵受精后体外培养的卵裂率（９７．１％）、桑椹胚率（８６．８％）和囊胚率（６５．１％）与４～８周龄超排卵的（分别为８５．５％～１００．０％、９４．９％～１００．０％和６３．２％～８７．７％）相近;以ＰＭＳＧ与ｈＣＧ各５ＩＵ剂量超排３～５周龄小鼠,３周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵５９．０±６．５个）显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）好于４周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵３１．４±４．９个）,并极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）好于５周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵２１．４±３．３个）;以ＰＭＳＧ与ｈＣＧ各１５ＩＵ剂量超排３～５周龄小鼠,３周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵４８．６±７．３个）显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）好于５周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵２５．２±５．８个）,也好于４周龄小鼠的超排效果（平均获卵４０．２±５．１个