芒果采后生物学及贮运保鲜技术研究进展

芒果为呼吸跃变型果实,采后迅速后熟,6～8 d便出现乙烯高峰,随后逐渐出现炭疽病、蒂腐病,果实耐贮藏性和抗病性显著下降.芒果贮运保鲜技术主要在于控制果实的后熟进程和腐烂发生.评述了近年来芒果采后生理、采后病害和贮运保鲜技术等方面的研究进展,展望了新的研究方向,并提出了乙烯受体抑制剂在芒果采后贮运保鲜上的应用前景.     

青岛市新装修住宅室内空气质量分析与评价

选择青岛市不同区市具有代表性的新装修住宅305户作为研究对象,采用现场采样与实验室内分析的方法,对青岛市室内空气质量进行了分析和评价.结果表明:青岛市新装修住宅室内空气质量总体上属于轻污染状况;空气污染以甲醛和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)为主;从主要污染物的分布来看,室内空气污染最严重的主要集中在一些老城区,夏秋季污染物的超标率高出冬春季2～5倍,儿童房甲醛污染严重,客厅则以TVOC污染为主.     

一种改进的基于混沌吸引子的径流降尺度分析

基于混沌理论,研究水文科学的尺度问题,将混沌分析方法应用于径流的降尺度计算。通过分析大时间尺度的年径流量分解到小时间尺度的月径流量的分解系数的混沌特征量,论证了分解系数具有混沌特性。在此基础上,对分解系数的预测方法提出改进意见并给出具体算法。然后根据预测结果进行月径流量的降尺度计算。实例研究表明,改进的算法用于径流量的降尺度分析具有明显的优点。     

Quantitative trait loci for fruit size and flowering time-related traits under domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size-related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major-effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor-effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co-localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.     

马链球菌兽疫亚种烯醇化酶对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

旨在研究马链球菌兽疫亚种（Streptococcus equi ssp.zooepidemicus,SEZ）烯醇化酶（enolase,Eno）对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）吞噬能力的影响。通过构建原核表达质粒获得重组烯醇化酶（rEno）,采用台盼蓝活细胞计数法,判定在不同处理浓度和时间下rEno蛋白对RAW264.7细胞的细胞毒性。将rEno蛋白与RAW264.7细胞共孵育后,用SEZ作用于细胞并检测细胞吞菌数量,判断RAW264.7细胞对SEZ的吞噬活性。进一步通过活细胞稳定同位素标记技术（SILAC）和蛋白质谱分析技术（LC-MS/MS）,筛选到RAW264.7细胞中可能与SEZ Eno存在相互作用的候选蛋白。结果发现,10 μg·mL^-1 rEno蛋白处理对RAW264.7细胞有明显的细胞毒性,且10 μg·mL^-1 rEno蛋白处理RAW264.7细胞2和4 h可显著抑制其对SEZ的吞噬作用（P<0.01、P<0.05）。初步筛选到RAW264.7细胞中动力蛋白激活蛋白亚单位蛋白（dynactin subunit protein 2,Dctn）、整合素α-M蛋白（integrin alpha-M）等17种可能与Eno发生互作的蛋白。本研究获得了rEno重组表达蛋白,发现rEno可减少RAW264.7细胞对SEZ的吞噬,互作蛋白的初步筛选也为进一步揭示Eno在SEZ抗吞噬中的作用机制奠定了基础。     

香梨褐色酸奶工艺研究

以香梨、脱脂牛乳和白砂糖为主要原料,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌混合菌为发酵剂,制备一款具有焦香味和梨香味的香梨褐色酸奶。以酸度、黏度、pH值及感官评价为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验选择出最优加工工艺。通过试验分析得出香梨褐色酸奶的最佳工艺为：香梨汁添加量8 %、白砂糖添加量4 %、发酵剂添加量0.30 %、发酵时间7 h、发酵温度43 ℃,此条件下制得的香梨褐色酸奶,焦香味、梨香味十足,口感最佳,感官评分值最高为90分。     

水稻多组分双向反射模型的建立

在作物多组分双向反射模型的基础上，基于辐射传输原理和水稻群丛结构特征，特别是考虑水稻不同生长时期的特点，建立了水稻的多组分双向反射模型。模拟与实测结果的比较表明：模型基本上能反映水稻多组分反射光谱的角度分布特征，特别是较准确地模拟水稻不同生长期，不同太阳天顶角下，“热点”的右移和乳熟期前向反射中的反射高峰点。分蘖期和抽穗期，水稻冠层“热点”效应在水稻各组分的平均倾角约37°左右时达到最大，然后随平均倾角的增大，“热点”效应明显减弱。从数学的角度，模型计算值与实测值通过了t-检验，证明模拟值是可接受的。     

A protease-insensitive feruloyl esterase from China Holstein cow rumen metagenomic library: expression, characterization, and utilization in ferulic acid release from wheat straw

A metagenomic library of China Holstein cow rumen microbes was constructed and screened for novel gene cluster. A novel feruloyl esterase (FAE) gene was identified with a length of 789 bp and encoded a protein displaying 56% identity to known esterase sequences. The gene was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the total molecular weight of the recombined protein was 32.4 kDa. The purified enzyme showed a broad specificity against the four methyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and high activity (259.5 U/mg) to methyl ferulate at optimum conditions (pH 8.0, 40 °C). High thermal and pH stability were also observed. Moreover, the enzyme showed broad resistance to proteases. FAE-SH1 can enhance the release of ferulic acid from wheat straw with cellulase, β-1,4-endoxylanase, β-1,3-glucanase, and pectase. These features suggest FAE-SH1 as a good candidate to enhance biomass degradation and improve the health effects of food and forage.     

土壤硝化作用过程中亚硝态氮的累积研究

在实验室条件下比较了９种土壤硝化过程中ＮＯ２＾－的累积能力和ＮＯ２＾－在不同土壤中的稳定性,并在３种代表性土壤上检测了ＮＯ２＾－累积的动态变化。结果表明,红壤和黄棕壤在所有施氨（ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ）水平下均未出现ＮＯ２＾－的累积;但砂姜黑土、潮土、滨海盐士、潮棕壤、褐土、灌漠土和灰钙土等均出现不同程度的ＮＯ２＾－累积,且随着施ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ水平提高而增加ＮＯ３＾－在红壤和黄棕壤中的累积与施ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ水平无关,但在其它７种ｐＨ大于７的土壤中的累积受到浓度ＮＨ４＾＋的抑制。此外,试验还表明,ＮＯ２＾－在红壤和黄棕壤中不稳定,但在其它７种土壤中相当稳定。土壤硝化过程中产生ＮＯ２＾－累积的问题应引起重视。