一个调控水稻叶绿素合成基因wl-1的精细定位

为改良优异两系不育系株1S (Z1S)的株型特征,利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变技术处理株1S (Z1S),得到一个苗期为白条纹的突变体,命名为wl-1。以该突变体与粳稻品种日本晴杂交,得F1种子,进而获得自交F2群体。遗传分析表明wl-1受单个隐性基因控制。利用图位克隆技术将wl-1初定位于水稻第3号染色体上RM15851和RM15880两个标记之间。进一步扩大遗传定位群体,最终将wl-1精细定位于标记inedl3和indel4之间的122 kb区域内。生物信息学分析表明该区域有12个ORF。对这12个ORF编码区逐个测序分析表明,其第10个ORF (LOC-03g52170),编码4-羟基-3-甲基丁-2-烯基二磷酸还原酶的第2个外显子上的第165位碱基处存在1个碱基A替换为T的突变。基因表达分析表明,在幼苗期与野生型株1S相比,突变体中LOC-03g52170的表达量显著低于相应的野生型;同时突变体中叶绿素合成相关基因、光合作用相关基因以及叶绿体发育相关基因的表达量发生了显著变化。对叶色基因wl-1 (LOC-03g52170)的挖掘,有利于进一步阐释叶绿体和叶绿素合成的生物学机理,同时为水稻高光效育种提供理论和技术支撑。     

森林可持续发展的动态优化模型

运用动态规划方法讨论森林可持续发展问题，建立了森林自然发展模型和森林可持续发展的优化开发模型，给出了相应的迭代公式，并选用青冈－夏蜡梅群落进行模拟计算。结果表明经过一段时间的自然发展，森林群落可达到稳定态，夏蜡梅群落必将过渡到青冈－夏蜡梅稳定群落。其后，各阶段各树种的数量有微小变化，但总体稳定，且算法快速收敛于稳定点。图3表2参4。     

Spatial distribution and solubilization characteristics of metal(loid)s in riparian soils within reservoirs along the middle Jinsha River

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The construction of large dams submerges riparian soils within reservoirs. However, little is known about the influence of water submergence on metal(loid)...     

梨树省力密植栽培技术要点

随着人们生活水平的逐渐提高,对于物质生活质量的要求也越来越高,梨作为一种深 受人们喜爱的水果,其消耗量逐年增长。为了满足人们日益增长的物质生活需求,就需要不断 提高梨的产量和质量。因此,需要对梨树的生长发育进行深入的分析研究,在此基础上,采取有 针对性的省力密植栽培技术,进而有效提高当前梨树的种植水平,从而为梨的高产稳产提供可 靠保障。     

卷荚相思嫩枝扦插技术研究

对影响卷荚相思扦插生根的内、外因素研究表明:外源生根激素可显著提高扦插生根率,ATB1号生根粉的促根效果优于IBA,NAA;半封闭式扦插效果好;细砂及沙性黄土较宜作扦插基质;在不同季节扦插,其生根率没有显著差异,但生根所需时间差异显著;扦插适宜的光照强度为7 000~15 000 Lx,其间光照强度越高,插穗生根速度越快;1~5龄母树上采集的插穗生根率基本相同,但开始生根时间随母树年龄的增大而推迟,插穗木质化程度对生根的影响与母树年龄效应的影响相似.     

Impact of manure application on forms and quantities of phosphorus in a Chinese Cambisol under different land use

Purpose

It is critical to understand the effect of manure application on the availability of phosphorus (P) and the potential environmental contamination by runoff and leaching. However, previous studies generally focused on cultivated soil layer in single cropping systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of manure application on soil P forms and quantities to the 200 cm depth in a Chinese alkaline Cambisol in different cropping systems and the potential environmental implications.

Materials and methods

The sampling site, Shunyi District, is located in the peri-urban area of Beijing in the North China Plain, where large quantities of manure generated from intensive animal operations have been applied to agricultural fields. A field survey was carried out before sampling to identify soil sampling sites with long-term manure application and an adjacent area receiving no manure used for the same crop production. Soil samples from three cropping systems (vegetables, cereals, and trees) were vertically collected to a depth of 200 cm with the following depth increments: 0–20, 20–60, 60–90, 90–120, 120–160 and 160–200 cm. Soil samples were analyzed for plant-available P (Olsen P) and various P fractions by sequential P fractionation. Degree of P saturation (DPS) was also determined.

Results and discussion

Soil calcium bound P was the most abundant P fraction, followed by the residual P. Organic P only accounted for less than 5 % of total P in most of the soils. Manure application increased the levels of inorganic P (Pi), with higher proportions of Pi in labile forms than stable forms. After manure application for 8–15 year, available P (Olsen P) and DPS values of the 0–20 cm layer in all sites exceeded the threshold for Olsen P (60 mg?kg^?1) and DPS (30 %) and the risk of P loss by runoff is expected to significantly increase. The DPS values were generally lower than 30 % below 20 cm, indicating a minimal risk of P loss via leaching from deeper soil.

Conclusions

The results indicated that in typical peri-urban areas of the North China Plain, the on-going practice of manure application not only increased the size of each of the labile and non-labile P pools, but also caused a shift in the relative sizes of the different pools, regardless of the cropping systems. However, contrary to what was expected, soil P loss through surface runoff would be a greater concern than leaching following long-term manure amendment.     

种公鸡体形外貌及精液品质性状的聚类分析

本研究对种公鸡的体形外貌及精液品质共14个性状，用统计分析软件SPSS(Ver．11．0)进行了聚类分析，结果表明：在SPSS提供的聚类分析方法中，沃特氏(Ward’s method)聚类分析法把这些性状分为5类，能较全面反映性状实际情况。这一结果为种公鸡的体形外貌、精液品质的选育提供了科学依据。     

匍匐翦股颖新品系坪用性状研究

以匍匐翦股颖品种粤选1号、新品系粤选2号、粤选3号、粤选5号、2321、2333、2606、2608、2628、2629为实验材料,营养体繁殖建植草坪,研究了其成坪速度及其草坪质量,结果表明：成坪速度的快慢顺序为2629〉2321、2333、2606、2628〉粤选1号、粤选2号、2608〉粤选5号〉粤选3号。4-7月份,所有供试草坪草均表现较好的草坪景观,其评定分值大小顺序为粤选1号、粤选2号〉2608〉2333〉粤选5号〉2321、2606〉粤选3号〉2629〉2628。特别是在7月份,所有供试品种（系）不休眠、不死亡。新品系适宜于高质量的常绿草坪的建植。     

土壤水分对日光温室西葫芦耗水量及产量的影响

在日光温室中研究了不同土壤水分条件对西葫芦耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,在整个生育期,西葫芦总耗水量随土壤含水量的增大而增大.土壤相对含水量保持在90%～100%时,耗水量最大,为8 668.25 m3/hm^2.然而水分利用效率却最低,仅为39.7 kg/m^3.相反,土壤含水量下限为70%（T3）时,耗水量虽不高,产量却最高,达到352.4 t/hm^2,叶片净光合速率和结瓜数也最大,水分利用效率也相应最大,达到了66.1 kg/m3.综合考虑产量构成诸因子和水分利用效率,认为过量灌溉对提高西葫芦产量并不利,合理利用水资源,土壤水分控制在田间持水量的70%～80%较适宜.     

微灌地膜的节水保墒增温效应研究

在实验基础上 ,分析论述了微灌地膜的节水效果和增温保墒效应。试验结果表明 ,微灌地膜可比地面灌溉节水 61 % ,增加地温 3℃～ 6℃ ,近地面空气相对湿度提高 3 0 %～ 40 % ,综合效应明显。可供微灌地膜或膜下微灌的进一步研究设计参考