Partial replacement of fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum single‐cell protein in the diet for juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is a single‐cell protein derived from ethanol production and may have potential to become a substitute for fishmeal in aquafeeds. A 70‐day feeding trial was conducted with black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (mean initial weight 6.03 ± 0.09 g) to evaluate partial replacement of fishmeal with CAP in diets. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with graded levels of CAP (0, 4.85, 9.70, 14.55, 19.40, 38.80 and 58.20%) to replace fishmeal. The inclusion of CAP at all dietary levels tested did not significantly affect the growth performance (p > .05). Fish fed the CAP58.20% diet showed a significantly lower feeding rate, with significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio compared with fish fed the other diets (p < .05). No statistical differences were found in dorsal muscle and whole‐body compositions. Total superoxide dismutase in serum of fish fed CAP58.20% diet was significantly lower compared with that of the control. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities revealed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Phosphorus retention efficiency significantly increased, and phosphorus discharge showed a downward trend with increasing CAP inclusion levels. In conclusion, the results indicated that CAP is a safe and effective alternative protein source, which can replace fishmeal in the diet of black sea bream up to 58.20%, without adverse effects on growth performance, antioxidation and digestive enzyme activity. This study has shown the potential of converting industrial waste into a high protein feed ingredient for aquafeeds.     

秦皇岛市区园林昆虫种类调查初报

本文作者利用2年时间,对秦皇岛市区园林昆虫区系进行了调查。初步摸清了秦皇岛市区园林害虫种类及天敌昆虫资源情况。共查出园林害虫50科235种,园林天敌昆虫10科22种。为科研、教学及生产提供了依据。     

竹材的层间断裂性质

研究毛竹材的张开型和剪切型层间断裂行为,并基于能量原理,采用双悬臂梁和端部切口弯曲梁试样测定毛竹材顺纹向的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性GⅠC、GⅡC.结果表明:1)竹材的Ⅰ和Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性是材料固有的属性,分别表征毛竹材对张开型裂纹和剪切型裂纹在层间扩展时的阻力;2)Ⅰ型裂纹扩展区域沿轴向具有光滑纤维与平整基体的特征.表明竹材基本组织强度及竹纤维/基本组织体间的界面强度较弱;Ⅱ型裂纹扩展区域中基体出现锯齿形受剪切变形的特征,表明基本组织在断裂前产生较大的剪切变形,故后者较前者吸收更多的断裂能(GⅡC≈2.5GⅠC).从整个断口形貌来看,裂纹扩展是在基体间和纤维,基体的界面上进行的,均为自相似断裂且无纤维桥联现象.     

粮食购销改革的问题与对策

粮食购销体制改革被称为“跨世纪难题”。它曲曲折折,走走停停,踟蹰了18年。2003年粮改终于发生了一个飞跃,安徽省等地进行的粮食直补改革试点,实现了粮食购销的市场化。虽然这项改革尚存在有待于解决的问题,但不失为一项利国利民的高明之举。     

高校节能型的水电管理之我见

节能是我国经济和社会发展的一项长远战略方针，也是当前一项极为紧迫的任务，随着社会各项事业的长足发展，水、电、气、地等各种资源、能源消费需求与供给的矛盾日趋突出。节能型高校是宏观政府运用科学发展观，建立和谐社会在高校领域的一个长远规划，它需要从整体上建立高等学校校园运行节能监管体系。     

Genetic loci and candidate genes with pleiotropic effects for tofu and soymilk weights across multiple environments in soybean (Glycine max)

Soybean provides large amounts of protein for human, and the most popular consumption pattern is tofu and soymilk. Recently, the demand of tofu and soymilk is increased, and the breeding of special variety becomes very urgent. To illustrate the genetic basis of these traits, 269 accessions were evaluated under six environments, and 32 associated SNPs were identified on nine chromosomes across multiple environments or conferring diverse traits. Of these SNPs, 16 were demonstrated by BLUP values. Seven adjacent-SNPs were first identified to associate with tofu and soymilk weights in an 1.02-Mb region on chromosome 8, which were verified by BLUP-values. Meanwhile, four neighbouring SNPs in a 0.32-Mb region on chromosome 12 were first identified to associate with these traits across multiple environments, of which three were detected in BLUP values. Furthermore, some candidate genes, that is, α-glucan water dikinase Glyma.08G283700 and E3 SUMO-protein ligase Glyma.12G071300, were screened out with differential expressions between the high- and low-tofu/soymilk-output accessions. Thus, these associated SNPs and candidate genes provide new insight into the genetic basis of tofu and soymilk processing quality in soybean.     

三峡库区秭归段水位消落带草本植物多样性分析

目的 研究消落带草本植物多样性的梯度变化和空间分布特征,进而认识消落带植物的生态适应性,为分析和保护消落带生物多样性提供依据。 方法 通过对三峡库区秭归段消落带145～175 m内草本物种的调查,对经历5次干湿动态变化后消落带草本植物的群落类型及物种多样性进行研究。 结果 表明：2014年该区共有草本植物39种,隶属15科27属,以菊科、禾本科、廖科和大戟科植物为主;2019年该区共有草本植物47种,隶属18科39属,菊科种类最多,为消落带优势科,其次为禾本科、廖科和大戟科植物。在过去5年中,1年生草本植物毛马唐、狗尾草、稗、苍耳、鬼针草和多年生草本植物狗牙根、香附子等均有较大的重要值,为主要优势物种,秭归消落带植物群落优势种和伴生种的丰富度、多样性、均匀度和优势度在各水位梯度带上变化明显,群落物种丰富度随水位高程梯度145～175 m呈先上升后下降的趋势。 结论 消落带植物多样性的变化是由于高程差异造成的淹水时间差异而导致的生境差异。