Characterization,phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan,China

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.     

曲拉通和硝酸混合溶液直接提取快速测定草鱼中铅含量

为建立快速测定草鱼中铅含量的方法,通过分析曲拉通和硝酸混合溶液浓度、提取时间、称样定容体积比例等因素的影响,以及基体改进剂的使用效果,确定了草鱼中铅元素提取测定的最佳条件。验证结果显示：采用曲拉通和硝酸混合溶液提取草鱼中铅元素方法的提取率为86.5%～95.6%,加标回收率为91.5%～95.6%,精密度均小于4.0%,检出限和定量限分别为0.011和0.032 mg/kg,满足了国家标准GB 5009.12—2017第一法石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的要求。与国家标准方法比较,本研究建立方法的样品前处理时间从4～12 h缩短至0.2 h内,酸试剂用量从湿法消解的7～12 mL减少至1～2 mL;前处理过程无需高温消解,无需其他前处理设备,避免了样品污染和待测元素损失,实现了降低分析成本以及保护环境和试验人员的目的。结果表明,该方法是一种简单、准确、绿色、快速测定草鱼中铅含量的方法,尤其适合大量样品检测。     

丛枝菌根真菌接种对白车轴草耐盐性的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)可与植物共生形成复杂的菌丝网络,影响植物生长及抗逆能力。目前关于AMF对白车轴草耐盐性的影响尚存争议,本研究采用盆栽试验,研究在盐胁迫条件下(NaCl浓度为150 mmol·L^-1),接种AMF对拉丁诺白车轴草耐盐性的影响。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,与对照相比,白车轴草的生长与生理指标均受到抑制。盐胁迫下接种AMF后,白车轴草株高、干重、PSⅡ最大光能转换效率和相对含水量均有增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及相对电导率有所降低,渗透调节物质均有提高,其中可溶性糖(SS)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别提高了32.03%和9.42%。说明盐胁迫抑制白车轴草的生长,接种AMF增强了白车轴草抗逆适应能力,促进白车轴草的生长,增加渗透调节物质含量,提高白车轴草耐盐胁迫的能力。     

Temporal-spatial Filtering in the Preprocessing of Clinical EEG Signals

EEG spot-recording for clinical patients in the bed is always advocated due to easing patients and making them comfortable. But EEG signals recorded in the ward exposed to various noisesand interference is less effective in the EEG analysis. Atemporal-spatial filter is designed for noise removing of clinical EEG signals, the first filtering is temporal filtering using band-pass filter, and the second filtering is spatial filtering with ICA-based spatial filter. Experimental results indicate that various noises and interferences, such as power interference, blinking, eyes movements, muscle moments, ECG artifacts, etc., are removed effectively, individually or simultaneously.     

基于整车性能的悬架匹配优化设计

以某多功能商务车为研究对象,利用ADAMS软件建立了整车多刚体动力学模型,并以车身垂直加速度和角加速度为目标函数对悬架系统进行优化设计。将优化前、后整车性能仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明优化后的悬架参数能有效地改善车辆的行驶性能。研究结果为虚拟样机技术在车辆工程中的实际应用提供了参考。     

施水播种条件下灌溉水入渗模型研究

运用土壤动力学原理建立了灌溉水入渗的数学模型，并进行了实际灌水的试验验证，试验结果表明所建模型的模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。应用模型模拟分析发现：适量增加沟宽或回土量可以减小入渗时间，缩短播种机排水口至排种口距离。     

二相UASB反应器中产酸颗粒污泥和产甲烷颗粒污泥的物理性质和化学成分

本文对二相UASB反应器中产酸和产甲烷颗粒污泥的物理性质和化学成分进行了初步的研究。结果表明:(1)二种颗粒污泥均具有良好的沉降性能,并且产酸颗粒污泥的湿密度、强度和稳定性均优于产甲烷颗粒污泥。(2)二种颗粒污泥的表面元素基本相同,但内部Ca,Si含量相差较大,并且均未发现有FeS存在。(3)产酸和产甲烷颗粒污泥中胞外多聚物(ECP)的含量分别为0.57％和1.46％(以污泥干重计)。ECP中的主要成分为糖和糖醛酸。     

小型农产品分选机设计与试验

针对家庭农场及小规模营销的需要,设计了基于机器视觉的小型农产品分选机。农产品在平胶带上形成多通道阵列式输送,以DSP作为机器视觉单元的核心,采集一帧图像可分析多个通道,并根据农产品的形状、颜色等图像特征进行分选。在水平输送速度为9.2 cm/s、农产品输送间隔为16 cm、4通道并行输送的条件下,选用核桃、红枣及栗子3种农产品进行了分选机性能测试。试验表明,机器能够可靠工作;核桃、红枣和栗子的分选准确性分别为91.66%、94.79%和97.39%;分选速度达8 800个/h。因此采用DSP芯片作为小型分选机的机器视觉核心是可行的,可以为农产品分选机的小型化、低成本提供技术支持。