3种冷季型草坪草苗期对干旱胁迫的生理响应

为研究昆明地区广泛种植的黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和早熟禾(Poa pratensis)幼苗的抗旱性,采用盆栽控水试验方法测定了不同时间干旱胁迫下的草坪外观质量(TQ)、叶片萎蔫系数(LWS)、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、地上部分和根系生物量(Bio)3种草坪草根冠比(RS)、叶片光合速率(Pn)、叶片暗呼吸速率(R)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)、细胞膜透性(RC)以及可溶性糖含量(Sol)等生理生态指标。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫时间的持续,高羊茅的TQ、LWC、RWC、Bio和Pn降低的比例显著低于黑麦草和早熟禾,而R、Pro、RC和Sol的增加量显著高于黑麦草和早熟禾。用隶属函数法对试验测定的9个生理生态指标进行综合评价,3种冷季型草坪草幼苗抗旱性表现为:高羊茅黑麦草早熟禾。     

黄木炎品种茶树不同器官中矿质元素的分布

对１９种矿质元素在黄茶树各器官中的分布情况进行了研究。结果表明,多数元素在茶树体内的分布具有相似的特点,即均以花蕾、叶和细根的含量较高;性质相近的元素,在分布上具有极显著的相关性（Ｐ＜０．０１）;不同器官灰分间各元素的总含量相近;每种无素在器官中的含量表现出一种数量级的顺序;茶树对土壤中的大量元素Ｃａ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｐ、Ｍｇ表现为强至极强积累,对微量元素（除对Ｍｎ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ为强积累外）为中等至弱积累,对大量元素Ａ１、Ｆｅ仅为中等积累     

广东省的蔬菜喷灌

广东省的喷灌是６０年代从蔬菜喷灌的基础上发展起来的。早期对喷灌的认识还仅仅停留在节省劳动力的范围。经过１０多年的实践,蔬菜喷灌的优点日益显示,能够减少有害物质的污染,减少病虫害发生,改善田间环境,增加产量,省工,省水,使群众吃上放心菜。     

荔枝需水量和灌溉制度试试验研究

本文介绍了荔枝需求水量的测定方法以及试验结果,分析了荔枝灌溉制度,对推广应用微喷灌节水,提高荔枝产量,节约用水,促进荔枝生产具有实际意义。     

Development and characterization of a new marine fish cell line from turbot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis>)

A new marine fish cell line, TK, derived from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) kidney, was established by the method of trypsin digestion and subcultured for more than 50 passages over a period of 300 days. The TK cells were maintained in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM) supplemented with HEPES, antibiotics, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-Me), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The suitable growth temperature for TK cells was 24°C, and microscopically, TK cells were composed of fibroblast-like cells. Chromosome analysis revealed that the TK cell line has a normal diploid karyotype with 2n = 44. Two fish viruses LCDV-C (lymphocystis disease virus from China) and TRBIV (turbot reddish body iridovirus) were used to determine the virus susceptibility of TK cell line. The TK cell line was found to be susceptible to TRBIV, and the infection was confirmed by cytopathic effect (CPE) and transmission electron microscopy, which detected the viral particles in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Finally, significant green fluorescent signals were observed when the TK cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 vector, indicating its potential utility for fish virus study and genetic manipulation.     

Effects of chromium yeast,tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance,digestion and metabolism of Channa argus

A 60‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of chromium yeast (CY), tributyrin (TB) and bile acid (BA) on the snakehead (Channa argus). The control (CT) group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed 200 mg/kg CY (concentration: 1,000 mg/kg), 2.5 g/kg TB (purity: 45%) or 1 g/kg BA (purity: 30%) in addition to the basal diet. The addition of CY, TB and BA statistically increased the weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, whereas the feeding rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). When compared with the CT group, TB elevated the serum glutathion peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity; and BA reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) contents significantly (p < 0.05). The three feed additives reduced intestinal malonaldehyde (MDA) levels dramatically. Tributyrin significantly enhanced intestinal trypsin and pepsin activities (p < 0.05). The activity of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase in the group fed CY was significantly lower than in the CT group. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of the three additives enhanced growth performance of C. argus. Dietary supplementation of CY affected protein, glucose and lipid metabolism. Diets with TB levels improved intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity. The addition of BA improved glycolipid metabolism.     

带优先加工约束2×n型异序排序的简便解法

为解决异序排序问题,提出了新的表上作业法。该方法不仅可以解决2×n型异序排序问题,还可以有效地解决带优先加工约束2×n型异序排序问题。该方法简便易行,便于掌握,可获得比较满意的近似最优加工顺序。     

果园风送喷雾机的改进设计与喷雾高度调控模型构建

【目的】针对第一代果园喷雾机存在的风箱角度不能电动控制且调节精度不高、传动装置设计欠合理和体积偏大等问题进行改进,并建立喷雾高度调控模型,为新一代果园喷雾机的设计提供参考。【方法】对喷雾机导流风箱的固定方式、传动方案和通过性能进行了改进,并通过喷雾沉积分布试验及数学方程拟合,建立沉积分布重心高度、喷雾宽度与风箱角度之间的数学模型。【结果】与改进前相比,该喷雾机不仅支持风箱角度电动精确调控,而且其理论功耗还减少了8%,长度尺寸减小了32.6%。风箱旋转角度对喷雾机尺寸影响的测试结果表明,旋转角度对风箱组宽度有一定的影响,旋转角度为最大值30°时风箱组宽度最大,为0.95m,但仍然小于喷雾机轮距1.0m;风箱旋转角度对喷雾机高度基本没有影响。改进后的喷雾机喷雾沉积分布试验表明,风箱与铅垂线夹角分别为0°,15°和30°时,喷雾沉积分布重心高度分别为1.14,1.55和2.20m,70.7%的药量分别垂直集中分布于0.72~1.56,1.15~1.94和1.71~2.69m,拟合得到的沉积分布重心高度、喷雾宽度和风箱角度之间的数学方程均为线性方程,其R2值分别为0.982和0.996。【结论】改进后喷雾机支持喷雾高度电动精确调节;所建立的喷雾高度智能调控模型可为果园喷雾机的改进完善提供支持。     

观赏植物白花龙的离体快繁条件筛选

[目的]筛选白花龙(Styrax faberi Perk.)的离体快繁最佳条件,为白花龙的推广种植及生态环境修复提供参考依据.[方法]以切除或带胚乳的白花龙种子为外植体、MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度GA3进行无菌萌发;以种子无菌萌发的茎段为外植体、MS为基本培养基,采用正交试验设计,筛选适宜白花龙丛生芽增殖培养的最佳6-BA、NAA和TDZ组合;以丛生芽增殖获得的幼苗为外植体、MS或1/2MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的IBA,采用直接或间接生根法,筛选白花龙组培苗生根的最佳基本培养基、IBA浓度和生根方法.[结果]带胚乳的白花龙种子在添加不同浓度GA3条件下萌发15 d后子叶开始褐化,最终全部死亡;切除胚乳的白花龙种子在无激素条件下也可萌发,但以在MS+2.0 mg/L GA3培养基中萌发率最高,达97.5%.在继代增殖阶段,白花龙丛生芽在MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA培养基中增殖系数最大,为5.7.在生根阶段,带两个节的白花龙茎段在200.0 mg/L IBA溶液中浸泡15 min后转接至1/2MS空白培养基的生根率最高,达93.3%,平均生根数为7.1条.[结论]切除胚乳的白花龙种子在MS+2.0 mg/L GA3培养基中萌发率最高,其萌发的茎段在MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA培养基中增殖系数最大;采用间接生根法,可获得生根效率较高、适应规模化生产的白花龙组培苗.     

2011~2016年广西罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的耐药谱型分析

[目的]了解广西罗非鱼源无乳链球菌耐药谱的变迁规律,为罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的有效防控和科学用药提供参考.[方法]采用K-B纸片扩散法对分离自广西南宁、玉林、柳州、河池、北海和百色等市养殖患病罗非鱼的48株无乳链球菌株进行抗生素耐药性分析;并以抗生素的抑菌圈直径为变量,采用SPSS 18.0对无乳链球菌株进行聚类分析,以平方Euclidean距离表示菌株间的耐药性同类关系.[结果]48株广西罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的耐药谱型共有19种,谱型丰富度为39.6%.所有耐药谱型均为多重耐药谱型,耐药种数至少有3种.从采样地点来看,南宁市、玉林市、柳州市、河池市、北海市和百色市的分离株分别包含5、9、8、2、1和2种耐药谱型.2011~2016年各年份的菌株耐药谱型为:2011年10种(A、B、F、J、K、N、O、P、Q和S耐药谱型),2012年4种(B、H、N和S耐药谱型),2013年2种(L和M耐药谱型),2014年3种(B、D和S耐药谱型),2015年9种(B、C、D、E、G、H、J、R和S耐药谱型),2016年3种(B、I和J耐药谱型).聚类分析将48株广西罗非鱼源无乳链球菌分成2个组群(Group I和Group II)和6个亚群(i~vi),其中Group I和Group II组群均含有11种耐药谱型,耐药谱型丰富度分别为37.9%和57.9%;Group I和Group II两组群无乳链球菌株的抗生素敏感性差异主要取决于其对恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考和环丙沙星的敏感率或耐药率.[结论]2011~2016年广西罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的耐药谱型呈多样性,谱型丰富度较高,且因来源地不同和年际变化存在一定差异性.此外,通过聚类分析可根据无乳链球菌的耐药情况对其进行有效分型,建议作为无乳链球菌流行病学分型方法给予推广应用.