人白介素-2基因打靶载体的构建、转染及鉴定

为研究人白介素2基因在奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中的表达,构建人白介素-2基因的山羊β-酪蛋白位点打靶载体。以质粒pBCI为模板扩增山羊β-酪蛋白上游2．5kb和下游3．5kb的序列作为5’和3’同源臂,将克隆得到的人白介素2基因和neo基因插入到2个同源臂之间,获得山羊β-酪蛋白基因打靶载体pBN153。利用脂质体将重组质粒转染奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞进行G418筛选,并采用PCR和实时定量PCR方法对人白介紊-2基因在稳定株中的表达进行验证。检测结果表明,本试验构建的打靶裁体pBN153成功转染奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,将人白介素2基因成功整合至奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中,为通过体细胞核移植法制备人白介素-2基因乳腺生物反应器的研究奠定了基础。     

Changes in the enzymatic activity of soil samples upon their storage

The influence of the duration and conditions of storage of soil samples on the activity of soil enzymes (catalase, β-fructofuranosidase, and dehydrogenase) was studied for the main soils of southern Russia (different subtypes of chernozems, chestnut soils, brown forest soils, gray forest soils, solonetzes, and solonchaks). The following soil storage conditions were tested: (1) the air-dry state at room temperature, (2) the airdry state at a low positive (in a refrigerator, +4°C) temperature, (3) naturally moist samples at a low positive temperature, and (4) naturally moist samples at a negative (in a freezer, −5°C) temperature. It was found that the sample storing caused significant changes in the enzymatic activities, which depended on the soil type, the land use, the type of enzyme, and the duration and conditions of the sample storage. In the course of the storage, the changes in the enzymatic activity had a nonlinear character. The maximum changes were observed in the initial period (up to 12 weeks). Then, a very gradual decrease in the activity of the studied enzymes was observed. Upon the long-term (>12 weeks) storage under the different conditions, the difference in the activities of the soil enzymes became less pronounced. The storage of soil samples in the air-dried state at room temperature can be recommended for mass investigations.     

Influence of alkaloids from the marine-derived strain of Aspergillus fumigatus on the root growth in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings

The effect of low and ultralow (10^?5 to 10^?17 M) concentrations of alkaloids from the marine fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and heteroauxin on the root growth in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings has been studied. The stimulating effect of alkaloids 1–7 and 9 on the root growth has been revealed. The “dose-effect” curve has a bimodal character.     

The influence of carbonates in parent rocks on the biological properties of mountain soils of the Northwest Caucasus region

The biological activity of different subtypes of soddy-calcareous soils (rendzinas) of the Northwest Caucasus region was studied. In the Novorossiisk-Abrau-Dyurso region (dry subtropics), typical soddy-calcareous soils with the high content of carbonates predominate; in the more humid conditions of the Lagonaki Plateau (Republic of Adygeya), leached soddy-calcareous soils carbonate-free down to the parent rock are spread. The number of microarthropods, the populations of fungi and bacteria, and the enzyme activity (catalase, dehydrogenase, and invertase) testify that the biological activity of these soils significantly differs. In the typical soddy-calcareous soils of the dry subtropics, the content of carbonates does not affect the characteristics mentioned; in the more humid conditions of the West Caucasus region, the presence of carbonates in the parent rocks intensifies the biological activity of the soddy-calcareous soils.     

Agro-energetic and economic efficiency of technologies for the creation and use of semishrub-grass pasture agrophytocenoses in the Caspian semi-desert

The article presents the results of 8 years of research for establishing the economic and agro-energetic efficiency of technologies for the creation and use by sheep of various types of seeded pastures (Kochia–Artemisia, Camphorosma–Artemisia, and Eurotia–Artemisia) in the semi-desert zone of Kalmykia. The technology of creation of Kochia–Artemisia pasture, which differed with high conditionally net income (8785 rub./ha) and the lowest cost of feed (1 rub. 85 kop. per 1 feed un.), showed the highest economic efficiency.     

Effect of trimming claws on livability and productivity of caged chickens

The effect of trimming claws at an age of one day on the growth, development, livability, and production of laying chickens housed in cages is studied. It is established that trimming the claws of the middle and posterior toes compared to the control considerably reduces the age of sexual maturity of poultry and increases livability of the flock, egg production, and egg mass yield per hen with decrease of feed consumption per unit product.     

5个罗非鱼品种(系)线粒体DNA 16S rRNA和Cyt b基因片段序列分析

对3个尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)品系(埃及、无锡、吉富)和奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis au-reus)以及杂交种奥吉(奥利亚♀×吉富♂)的线粒体16SrRNA和细胞色素b(Cytb)的部分序列进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,并分析了其序列差异。结果表明:PCR产物纯化后测序,16S rRNA扩增产物得到长度为596bp的基因片段,其碱基组成G+C平均含量为47.5%,序列比对分析显示变异位点13个,没有碱基的插入/缺失变异,转换/颠换比率为3.33;Cytb扩增产物测序得到659bp的同源片段,其碱基组成G+C含量平均为45.2%,无插入/缺失变异,变异位点共2个,都为转换,2处变异都发生在密码子第3位上,编码的氨基酸未发生变异。序列分析表明,尼罗罗非鱼3品系的序列完全相同,奥利亚的序列则与奥吉相同。这表明在罗非鱼线粒体DNA中,16S rRNA进化速率相对较快,而Cytb基因则高度保守,不适于研究罗非鱼种内和种间的亲缘关系和种类鉴别标记。     

黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复模式对土壤酶活性的影响

为了解侵蚀环境下植被恢复对土壤酶活性的影响.以典型侵蚀环境黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域生态恢复30a植被长期定位试验点为研究对象,选取坡耕地为参照,分析了植被恢复过程中土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶及理化性质的演变特征.结果表明,黄土丘陵区的坡耕地由于不合理的人为干扰,土壤理化性质和酶活性较弱,通过植被恢复可以有效的改善土壤肥力,不同恢复模式对土壤酶活性和肥力的改善作用不同,恢复30a,脲酶活性增加33%～213%,磷酸酶活性增加275%～394%,蔗糖酶活性增加70%～210%,纤维素酶活性增加24%～48%,过氧化氢酶增加32%～96%,多酚氧化酶降低23%～29%,淀粉酶变化规律不同.不同植被恢复模式其生物特性不同,对土壤酶活性影响也不同.相关性分析说明磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶与其它因子相关性相对较强,可以作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标.     

不同种类浮游植物对CO2浓度升高的响应

本研究采用实验生态学的方法,以金藻、硅藻、绿藻3个门中的4种常见饵料藻叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria sp.)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为研究对象,分析比较不同浮游植物的细胞数量和质量对CO2浓度升高引起的海水酸化的响应情况。结果显示,与对照组相比,(1) CO2浓度升高显著提高了这4种藻的生长速率(P<0.05);其中,亚心形扁藻平均比生长速率最高,比对照组高出13.5%;小球藻次之,为5.9%;叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻均为2.2%。(2) CO2浓度升高使浮游植物细胞内的碳(C)含量增加、氮(N)含量降低,C/N提高;种间差异较大,其中,亚心形扁藻的C/N、C/P值、小球藻的C/P值和三角褐指藻的C/N值显著提高,叉鞭金藻不显著。(3) CO2浓度升高使小球藻单位细胞叶绿素a含量显著提高,小球藻通过提高光合作用能力促进生长,而另外3种藻叶绿素a含量与对照组无显著差异;三角褐指藻最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)在实验初期显著升高;叉鞭金藻非光化学淬灭(NPQ)显著降低,快速光曲线初始斜率(α)显著增加;三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻潜在的最大光合作用能力(rETRmax)显著升高(P<0.05),但CO2浓度升高对4种藻的光化学淬灭(qP)均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。可见,亚心形扁藻、小球藻和三角褐指藻在高CO2浓度下虽然生长速率加快,但营养质量降低。不同种类的浮游植物对CO2浓度升高的响应不同,这种差异可能会使未来海洋浮游植物群落结构发生变化;浮游植物C/N、C/P值的改变可能通过食物链对次级生产者,诸如浮游动物、滤食性贝类等产生影响。     

低盐和高盐环境下刺参选育品系生长与摄食性能研究

为评价刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)耐盐品系选育效果,以G4、G5代刺参耐盐选育品系为研究对象,研究了其在低盐度和高盐度环境下的生长、摄食和消化生理的变化.结果显示,30 d实验期间,G4代和G5代2种规格选育刺参在不同盐度环境中的生长情况相似,在低盐环境中的末体重随着实验盐度的降低而下降,在高盐...