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81.
Wei-Qin Wang Tomohide Natsuaki Yoshitaka Kosaka Seiichi Okuda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(1):52-56
To identify possible sites of viral attenuation, the complete nucleotide sequences of two isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were determined; a severe isolate Z5-1 and an attenuated isolate from Z5-1 (designated ZYMV-2002). The viral genome
of both isolates consisted of 9593 nucleotides in size and contained an open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein of
3080 amino acids. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences for Z5-1 and ZYMV-2002 revealed 14 nucleotide mutations, resulting
in seven amino acid substitutions with four in the HC-Pro region, two in the CI region, and one in the NIb region. These results
provide a genetic basis for future manipulation of the ZYMV reverse genetics system.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB188115
and AB188116 相似文献
82.
Y Takagi K Sakiya O Endoh S Goto K Kohzaki M Murata H Matsusita 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(2):193-199
Airborne particulates in Sagamihara city were collected on quartz fibre filters using a high-volume air sampler for 14 days in each month from July 1984 to June 1985. Organic components in airborne particulates were extracted by the ultrasonic extraction method using benzene-ethanol (3:1 v/v) as an extracting solvent. The mutagenecities of airborne particulates extract were measured by the pre-incubation method using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98 with and without S-9mix. The concentration of airborne particulates was nearly the same level throughout the survey period, but the content of extract in particulates of winter was higher than those of other seasons. All the airborne particulates extracts showed positive mutagenic response to both strains with and without S-9mix. The average of mutagenic activities (revertants/m3 air) in winter was significantly higher than those in summer and spring. Furthermore, mutagenic activities fluctuated sharply in one month from several to ten times compared with the normal level, depending upon sampling days, and tended to be lower on Sundays and holidays in summer and new year holidays. In many days mutagenic activities without S-9mix were comparatively higher than those with S-9mix. The existence of nitroarene was surveyed using TA98NR strain. Nitroarene was found to be higher concentration in summer than in winter. 相似文献
83.
Yasuyuki TANAHASHI Ban WANG Yuri MURAKAMI Toshihiro UNNO Hayato MATSUYAMA Hiroshi NAGANO Seiichi KOMORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):203-211
In order to investigate the effects of (SKF), which is a non-selective cationic channel blocker, on
K+ channel currents, we recorded currents through ATP sensitive K+ (IKATP),
voltage-gated K+ (IKv) and Ca2+ activated K+ channels
(IBK) in the absence and presence of SKF in single small intestinal myocytes of mice with
patch-clamp techniques. SKF (10 µM) reversibly abolished IKATP that was induced by
cromakalim (10 µM), which is a selective ATP sensitive K+ channel opener. These
inhibitory effects were induced in a concentration-dependent and voltage-independent manner. The 50%
inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.85 µM, which was obviously lower than that
reported for the muscarinic cationic current. In addition, SKF (1 µM ≈ the IC50
value in IKATP suppression) reversibly inhibited the IKv that was induced by repetitive
depolarizing pulses from −80 to 20 mV. However, the extent of the inhibitory effects was only ~30%. In
contrast, SKF (1 µM) had no significant effects on spontaneous transient IBK and
caffeine-induced IBK. These results indicated that SKF inhibited ATP sensitive K+
channels and voltage-gated K+ channels, with the ATP sensitive K+ channels being more
sensitive than the voltage-gated K+ channels. These inhibitory effects on K+ channels
should be considered when SKF is used as a cationic channel blocker. SKF96365相似文献
84.
Yasuyuki?MatsushitaEmail author Akihiro?Kakehi Shigeru?Miyawaki Seiichi?Yasuda 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(2):136-141
To elucidate the formation and chemical structures of water-soluble material in acid-soluble lignin (ASL), lignin aromatic nuclei model compounds of creosol (I) and 5-methoxycreosol (II) were reacted with xylose or xylan in the presence of apocynol as a counterpart for condensation in 72% sulfuric acid (SA). The reaction of I gave mainly condensation product. However, the condensation reaction of II with apocynol was suppressed because of steric hindrance from the methoxyl group, and II yielded a C-xyloside after refluxing in 3% SA together with condensation products. To obtain information on CHCl3-soluble material in ASL, model compounds of arylglycerol--aryl ethers with guaiacyl (VIII) and syringyl (X) nuclei were treated by the Klason procedure. VIII gave only insoluble polymerized product, while X gave insoluble polymerized product and CHCl3-soluble low molecular weight products, which were dissolved in 3% SA. These results prove earlier views that water-soluble material in ASL consists of condensation products formed from syringyl lignin and monosaccharide units in hemicellulose. In addition, the CHCl3-soluble material in ASL appears to be composed of low molecular weight degradation products from SA treatment of Klason lignin with the syringyl nucleus.Part of this report was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 and at the 47th Lignin Symposium, Fukuoka, October 2002, and was reviewed in Mokuzai Gakkaishi (2002) 48:55–62 相似文献
85.
Effect of collar insertion on soil respiration in a larch forest measured with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wen Jie Wang Yuan Gang Zu Hui Mei Wang Takashi Hirano Kentaro Takagi Kaichiro Sasa Takayoshi Koike 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(1):57-60
Little information is available on the effect of root cutting by the collar pre-insertion technique on soil respiration. In this study, we found that soil respiration rates decreased with increasing depth of collar insertion in both the with live roots intact and with live roots severed treatments, but the rate of decrease was substantially higher in the former. The cutting of roots, especially fine roots, may be responsible for this result. 相似文献
86.
Preparation of anion-exchange resins from pine sulfuric acid lignin,one of the acid hydrolysis lignins 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
To utilize acid hydrolysis lignin effectively, chemical conversion to anion-exchange resin was investigated by two methods. Sulfuric acid lignin (SAL) was selected as a typical acid hydrolysis lignin in this experiment. Because it is less reactive, SAL was phenolated with sulfuric acid catalyst to yield reactive phenolized SAL (P-SAL) with p-hydroxyphenyl nuclei. One method was the restricted resinification of P-SAL followed by the Mannich reaction with formaldehyde and dimethylamine to yield a weakly basic anion-exchange resin with an ion-exchange capacity of 2.4mEq/g. Another method was to react resinified P-SAL with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride to yield a strongly basic anion-exchange resin with an ion-exchange capacity of 2.0mEq/g. The reaction of a simple P-SAL model compound with an epoxide suggested that the phenolic hydroxyl group of the p-hydroxyphenyl nucleus had slightly higher reactivity than that of the guaiacyl nucleus.Part of this report was presented at the 47th Lignin Symposium, Fukuoka, October 2002 相似文献
87.
Watanabe D Hirano T Sugimoto Y Ogata Y Abe S Ando T Ohtsuka H Kunieda T Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1251-1255
Blood examinations and genotyping of Factor XI (F11) were performed in growth retardation Japanese Black cattle and their dams. Genotyping of F11 revealed that the recessive homozygous and heterozygous genotype frequencies were 5.2% and 50.0% in the Claudin-16 (CL-16) deficiency group (n=58), 0% and 14.2% in the renal dysplasia group (n=7), 0% and 26.1% in the non-CL-16 deficiency nephritis group (n=23), 8.9% and 46.7% in the hypogenesis syndrome group (n=45), 6.2% and 25.0% in the neonatal weak calf syndrome group (n=32), 9.1% and 38.6% in the respective dams group (n=44), 0% and 23.1% in the normal cattle group (n=13), and 5.9% and 38.2% in total (n=222), respectively. These results showed that the carrier rate of F11 deficiency was high in Japanese Black cattle, and that the CL-16 deficiency, hypogenesis syndrome, neonatal weak calf syndrome, and dams groups had a large amount of recessive homozygous genotype than the other groups. No abnormal bleeding was observed clinically in the present study, and 4 of the recessive homozygous dams showed normal growth and parturition. 相似文献
88.
Kakizaki T Hamada N Funayama T Sakashita T Wada S Hohdatsu T Natsuhori M Sano T Kobayashi Y Ito N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1269-1273
High linear energy transfer (LET) heavy charged particles have previously been applied clinically to human cancer radiotherapy because of their excellent physical properties of selective dose distribution and higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for human; however, such an approach has yet to be applied to cat patients. The present study investigates the biological effectiveness of low-LET gamma-rays (0.2 keV/micro m) compared to high-LET carbon ions (114 keV/micro m) in feline T- lymphocyte FeT-J cells. Clonogenic survival analysis revealed that the RBE value of carbon ions was 2.98 relative to a 10% survival dose (D(10)) by gamma-rays, and that the inactivation cross-section in cells exposed to gamma-rays and carbon ions was 0.023 and 38.9 micro m(2), respectively. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis revealed that TUNEL-positive frequency in carbon-irradiation cells is higher than for gamma-irradiated cells against exposure to the same physical doses, but that very little difference in TUNEL-positive frequency is observed between cells exposed to the respective D(10) dose of gamma-rays. Our data thus indicate that carbon ions are more effective for cell killing than gamma-rays at the same physical doses, but kill cells to an extent that is comparable to gamma-rays at the same biological doses. Carbon ion radiotherapy is therefore a promising modality for cat patients. 相似文献
89.
Osaki T Hoshino S Hoshino Y Takagi S Okumura M Kadosawa T Fujinaga T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(2):108-112
The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of clinically applied benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring-A (BPD-MA; Verteporfin), a second-generation photosensitizer, during a trial of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in nine dogs having naturally occurring neoplasms. After injecting BPD-MA at 0.5 mg/kg intravenously, its mean half-life (t1/2) was found to be 8.14 +/- 5.34 h, mean clearance (Cl) 35.13 +/- 9.62 ml/(h kg), the mean value of the volume of distribution (Vc) 0.08 +/- 0.01 l/kg and the mean steady state volume of distribution (Vss) 0.38 +/- 0.31 l/kg respectively. With the exception of a transitional increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity, no other clinical abnormalities were observed. The t1/2 in dogs with naturally occurring tumours was longer than that in humans, but similar to that in rats. The values of Cl and Vss in dogs having naturally occurring neoplasms were lower than those in humans. It is suggested that the pharmacokinetics of BPD-MA in tumour-bearing dogs would be helpful in determining the protocol of a short drug-light interval PDT with BPD-MA that mainly targets the tumour vasculature. 相似文献
90.
Sunaga T Oh N Hosoya K Takagi S Okumura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(6):745-750
Canine osteoarthritis occurs frequently and causes secondary synovitis. Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is one of the major therapeutic options for pain management of joint diseases. Tepoxalin has an unique property as an NSAIDs that suppresses both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antiproliferative effects of tepoxalin on cultured canine synovial cells. Cytotoxic effects of tepoxalin, carprofen, meloxicam and AA-861 on cultured canine synoviocytes were evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay. Apoptosis was detected by morphological observations with Giemsa or annexin V/Hoechst 33342 staining and by the inhibition of caspase-3 activity with N-Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO (Ac-DEVD-CHO). Cytotoxic effects of tepoxalin were evident in comparison with the effects of carprofen or meloxicam. The same tendency of cytotoxicity was observed when 5-lipoxygenase was inhibited by AA-861. The morphological findings and contradictory effects of Ac-DEVD-CHO with regard to the cytotoxicity proved the proapoptotic effects of tepoxalin. In conclusion, tepoxalin might control osteoarthritic synovitis by inducing apoptosis in proliferating synoviocytes, while most NSAIDs that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 most likely would not suppress synovial proliferation. 相似文献