全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9490篇 |
免费 | 697篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 850篇 |
农学 | 379篇 |
基础科学 | 68篇 |
2600篇 | |
综合类 | 250篇 |
农作物 | 470篇 |
水产渔业 | 1006篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 3590篇 |
园艺 | 143篇 |
植物保护 | 834篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 118篇 |
2021年 | 240篇 |
2020年 | 225篇 |
2019年 | 173篇 |
2018年 | 466篇 |
2017年 | 465篇 |
2016年 | 469篇 |
2015年 | 362篇 |
2014年 | 407篇 |
2013年 | 619篇 |
2012年 | 733篇 |
2011年 | 659篇 |
2010年 | 392篇 |
2009年 | 331篇 |
2008年 | 548篇 |
2007年 | 548篇 |
2006年 | 452篇 |
2005年 | 439篇 |
2004年 | 375篇 |
2003年 | 334篇 |
2002年 | 268篇 |
2001年 | 203篇 |
2000年 | 206篇 |
1999年 | 175篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 41篇 |
1990年 | 40篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 47篇 |
1984年 | 35篇 |
1983年 | 34篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 30篇 |
1977年 | 27篇 |
1974年 | 26篇 |
1973年 | 45篇 |
1972年 | 30篇 |
1971年 | 25篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
981.
Barrera-García VD Gougeon RD Voilley A Chassagne D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(11):3982-3989
The sorption in a model system of aroma compounds of enological interest (mixture of the eight derivatives from guaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, and whiskylactone) onto wood was investigated to assess the influence of wood on the concentration of these volatiles during the aging of wine. To evaluate the influence of the solubility of aroma compounds in sorption phenomena, this parameter was determined for each volatile compound in model wine at 10 and 25 degrees C. The solubility is significantly higher in the model wine than in water and remains constant in the range of temperatures studied, except for guaiacol and vanillin. Kinetic and equilibrium sorptions were investigated. Sorption kinetics showed that the sorption equilibrium for all aroma compounds was reached after 6-7 days. From the study of the individual sorption isotherms, two distinct kinds of sorption behavior were observed depending on the presence or not of an ethylenic para substituent conjugated to the phenyl ring. K(ww) partition coefficients between the wood and the model wine were determined, which exhibited an unusual positive variation with temperature. 相似文献
982.
Guchu E Díaz-Maroto MC Díaz-Maroto IJ Vila-Lameiro P Pérez-Coello MS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):3062-3066
The influence of the species and geographical origin on the volatile composition of wood samples from 80 Spanish oaks (55 Quercus petraea Liebl. and 25 Quercus robur L.) has been studied. Oak volatile components were isolated by simultaneous distillation-extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. cis- and trans-beta-methyl-gamma-octalactones were the main constituents, the cis stereoisomer being predominant. Other important volatile components were furfural, 5-methylfurfural, guaiacol, eugenol, vanillin, or syringaldehyde. The main differences were established between species, Quercus petraea being significantly richer in volatile compounds than Quercus robur; however, the variability found among trees was high. Differences among geographical provenances were much less important than those found between species. 相似文献
983.
Rivas B Torrado A Moldes AB Domínguez JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7904-7911
The recovery of tartaric acid (TA) from distilled vinification lees coming from the white and red winemaking technology was optimized using response surface methodology and Statistica 5.0 software. The sequential treatment of dissolving TA and further calcium tartrate (CaT) precipitation could be used to recover up to 92.4% of the initial TA when distilled white lees were used. The residual lees were employed as economic nutrients for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus pentosus CECT-4023 using hemicellulosic vine shoot hydrolysates as carbon source. Distilled lees after TA extraction used as nutrients provided values of lactic acid (18.4-18.9 g/L), global volumetric productivities (0.82-0.84 g/L.h), and product yields (0.69-0.70 g/g) similar to those achieved when using the general medium for Lactobacilli (18.6 g/L, 1.11 g/L.h, and 0.62 g/g, respectively) or lees without TA extraction (16.4-17.2 g/L, 0.96-1.21 g/L.h, and 0.61-0.66 g/g, respectively). This technology not only avoids pollutant disposal but also represents a commercial source of tartaric acid and economic nutrients for biotechnological processes. 相似文献
984.
Effect of industrial dehydration on the soluble carbohydrates and dietary fiber fractions in legumes
Martín-Cabrejas MA Aguilera Y Benítez V Molla E López-Andréu FJ Esteban RM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7652-7657
The effects of soaking, cooking, and industrial dehydration treatments on soluble carbohydrates, including raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and also on total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and soluble (SDF) dietary fiber fractions were studied in legumes (lentil and chickpea). Ciceritol and stachyose were the main alpha-galactosides for chickpea and lentil, respectively. The processing involved a drastic reduction of soluble carbohydrates of these legumes, 85% in the case of lentil and 57% in the case of chickpea. The processed legume flours presented low residual levels of alpha-galactosides, which are advisable for people with digestive problems. Processing of legumes involved changes in dietary fiber fractions. A general increase of IDF (27-36%) due to the increase of glucose and Klason lignin was observed. However, a different behavior of SDF was exhibited during thermal dehydration, this fraction increasing in the case of chickpea (32%) and decreasing in the case of lentil (27%). This is probably caused by the different structures and compositions of the cell wall networks of the legumes. 相似文献
985.
Santaclara FJ Espiñeira M Cabado AG Aldasoro A Gonzalez-Lavín N Vieites JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8461-8470
Legislation regarding the labeling of processed products is an important issue in the protection of consumer rights. This labeling is especially important in products that cannot be identified on the basis of their morphological characters, because these are removed from the animal in the transformation process. The goal of this study was the identification of mussel species using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS) methodologies. The molecular marker selected was 18S rDNA (nuclear small-subunit rDNA gene), which allows identification at the genus level and at the species level in some cases. The genera included in this study were Mytilus, Perna, Aulacomya, Semimytilus, Brachidontes, Choromytilus, and Perumytilus. Different markers were used for genetic identification at the species level. To identify the species included in the genus Perna and Choromytilus, a fragment of ITS 1 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1) was amplified by multiplex PCR and digested with restrictases. The species of Mytilus were identified by length polymorphism and RFLP of the polyphenolic adhesive protein gene. This methodology was validated with products manufactured in the authors' pilot plant and applied to commercial samples. Therefore, this sequential method can be completely or partially used to determine the mussel genus or species present in any food product. 相似文献
986.
Almeida AA Farah A Silva DA Nunan EA Glória MB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(23):8738-8743
The in vitro antimicrobial activity of commercial coffee extracts and chemical compounds was investigated on nine strains of enterobacteria. The antimicrobial activity investigated by the disc diffusion method was observed in both the extracts and tested chemical compounds. Even though pH, color, and the contents of trigonelline, caffeine, and chlorogenic acids differed significantly among the coffee extracts, no significant differences were observed in their antimicrobial activity. Caffeic acid and trigonelline showed similar inhibitory effect against the growth of the microorganisms. Caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and protocatechuic acid showed particularly strong effect against Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae. The IC(50) and IC(90) for the compounds determined by the microtiter plate method indicated that trigonelline, caffeine, and protocatechuic acids are potential natural antimicrobial agents against Salmonella enterica. The concentrations of caffeine found in coffee extracts are enough to warrant 50% of the antimicrobial effect against S. enterica, which is relevant to human safety. 相似文献
987.
García-Reyes JF Ferrer C Thurman EM Fernandez-Alba AR Ferrer I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6493-6500
The application of liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) for the identification and quantitation of four herbicides (simazine, atrazine, diuron, and terbuthylazine) in olive oil samples is reported here. The method includes a sample treatment step based on a preliminary liquid-liquid extraction followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) using aminopropyl as a sorbent material. A final cleanup step is performed with florisil using acetonitrile as an eluting solvent. The identification by LC/TOF-MS is accomplished with the accurate mass (and the subsequent generated empirical formula) of the protonated molecules [M + H]+, along with the accurate mass of the main fragment ion and the characteristic chlorine isotope cluster present in all of them. Accurate mass measurements are highly useful in this type of complex sample analyses since they allow us to achieve a high degree of specificity, often needed when other interferents are present in the matrix. The mass accuracy typically obtained is routinely better than 2 ppm. The sensitivity, linearity, precision, mass accuracy, and matrix effects are studied as well, illustrating the potential of this technique for routine quantitative analyses of herbicides in olive oil. Limits of detection (LODs) range from 1 to 5 microg/kg, which are far below the required maximum residue level (MRL) of 100 microg/kg for these herbicides in olive oil. 相似文献
988.
Ribeiro B Rangel J Valentão P Baptista P Seabra RM Andrade PB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8530-8537
The organic acids and phenolics compositions of nine wild edible mushrooms species (Suillus bellini, Tricholomopsis rutilans, Hygrophorus agathosmus, Amanita rubescens, Russula cyanoxantha, Boletus edulis, Tricholoma equestre, Suillus luteus, and Suillus granulatus) were determined by HPLC-UV and HPLC-DAD, respectively. The antioxidant potential of these species was also assessed by using the DPPH* scavenging assay. The results showed that all of the species presented a profile composed of at least five organic acids: oxalic, citric, malic, quinic, and fumaric acids. In a general way, the pair of malic plus quinic acids were the major compounds. Only very small amounts of two phenolic compounds were found in some of the analyzed species: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (in A. rubescens, R. cyanoxantha, and T. equestre) and quercetin (in S. luteus and S. granulatus). All of the species exhibited a concentration-dependent scavenging ability against DPPH*. T. rutilans revealed the highest antioxidant capacity. 相似文献
989.
Del Río JC Jiménez-Barbero J Chavez MI Politi M Gutiérrez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(23):8744-8748
A series of phenylphenalenone type compounds, known to play a role as phytoalexins in plants of the Musaceae family, have been identified for the first time in the leaf fibers of abaca (Musa textilis). Among the phenylphenalenone type compounds identified, the structure of a novel compound, (1R)-2,3-dihydro-4,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-1-phenylphenalene, has also been described in abaca fibers. Its structure was elucidated by analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR (correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) spectroscopic data. 相似文献
990.
Guardia Rubio M Ruiz Medina A Molina Díaz A Ayora Cañada MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8538-8544
The influence of the preliminary steps in olive oil production (harvesting and washing) on pesticide residues in olives and olive oil has been investigated. Analyses were performed by GC-MS/MS and revealed that endosulfan sulfate and two herbicides (diuron and terbuthylazine) were the most frequently found residues in olives and olive oil. The harvesting method has a decisive influence on herbicide concentrations found in olives. Thus, 16 and 48% of the olive samples harvested on the ground after falling from the tree presented concentrations higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for diuron and terbuthylazine, respectively. In olives harvested directly from the tree, diuron was not found at concentrations higher than MRL and terbuthylazine was found in only 10% of the samples. The washing step performed routinely in olive mills was effective in removing the superficial contamination by herbicides present in olives harvested on the ground. Nevertheless, even after washing, the olive oil obtained from ground olives showed herbicide residue concentrations higher than those obtained from tree olives. 相似文献