Growth of Siganus rivulatus reared in sea cages in the Red Sea

Siganus rivulatus fry stocked in extensively managed sea cage systems grew from 3 to 105 g in 150 days.     

Biological treatments as a mean to improve feed utilization in agriculture animals-An overview

As a result of agriculture practices, mil ion tons of agriculture are produced as a secondary or by-products;however, with low nutritive values. Many methods are applied to improve the nutritive value ...     

Genetic screening of FecB,FecXG and FecXI mutations and their linkage with litter size in Barki and Rahmani sheep breeds

Characterization of fecundity genes offers the opportunity to improve production efficiency, and the consequent increase in litter size in livestock industry, through utilizing them in breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to detect the BMPR‐IB, BMP15 and GDF9 gene mutations and to investigate whether these mutations are associated with litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds. To achieve this goal, 73 adult ewes representing Barki (n = 33) and Rahmani (n = 40) breeds were used. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) screening approach was used to detect the presence of FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I mutations in the two selected breeds. Results of this study showed that the three different candidate gene mutations, namely FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I are not present among these selected populations of the Egyptian breeds. Further studies regarding other mutations and/or other genes, which may influence ovulation rate, should be carried out to determine the type and mode of inheritance of such genes in Egyptian sheep breeds.     

Effects of dietary orange peel on growth performance,antioxidant activity,intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae

This study investigated the effects of dietary orange peel (OP) on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae (0.32 ± 0.01 g/fish) (mean ± SD). Fish fed iso‐nitrogenous (480 g/kg protein) and iso‐energetic (23 MJ/kg) diets supplemented with OP at concentrations of 0, 1, 3 or 5 g/kg diet, for 60 days. Growth performance and feed utilization parameters were significantly improved by the elevation of dietary OP level, and the optimum level was 5 g/kg diet. The maximum activity of the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase enzyme and malondialdehyde in the liver was found at 5.5, 4.6, 3.4, 2.9, 3.7 and 3.8 g OP/kg diet, respectively. All tested bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio spp. and Salmonela spp) and total bacterial count decreased significantly in the gut of fish fed high levels of OP (3.0 or 5.0 g/kg). No differences were found in the liver histo‐architecture among treatments after 60 days feeding on OP diets. In summary, dietary OP improved growth rate, antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota of S. aurata larvae with an optimum range from 2.9 to 5.5 g/kg diet.     

Expression of blood hepatocyte-derived microRNA-122 in canine multicentric lymphoma with hepatic involvement

Veterinary Research Communications - This study was performed to evaluate the hepatocyte-derived microRNA (miR)-122 as novel diagnostic biomarker in canine lymphoma. Fifteen dogs were enrolled in...     

Wirkungen des Wachstumsregulators Cycocel auf Tomatensämlinge und deren Befall durch den Wurzelnematoden Meloidogyne javanica (Treub)

Cycocel, was evaluated at three different doses 500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm achieving its effect on tomato phytotoxicity and growth in relation to root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica, tomato infection. The results indicated that using 500 ppm of Cycocel was the optimum where no phytotoxic effects or reduction on plant growth were noticed at all. In addition, percentages of infected plants withM. javanica and numbers of galls per root were greatly decreased. Also, a great reduction was detected in nematode population. Increasing Cycocel concentration was parallel to the increase in phytotoxicity and decreasing of tomato growth was noticed.     

Bio-efficacy of two bacterial insecticide strains ofBacillus thuringiensis as a biological control agent in comparison with a nematicide,nemacur, on certain parasitic nematoda

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the possibility use of commercial bacterial pathogen insecticide,Bacillus thuringiensis, as biocontrol agent againstMeloidogyne javanica andTylenchulus semipenetrans nematodes.The obtained results indicate that the two strains ofB. thuringiensis suppressed the total nematode populations and eggmasses of the two nematode genera. Also, the two strains ofBacillus remarkably reduced the percentages of hatchability of eggs of the two nematode genera. SAN 415Bacillus strain was highly effective than Dipel strain and surpassed it in this respect, but it was approximately similar to the standard nematicide Nemacur.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Gewächshaus-Versuch durchgeführt zur Untersuchung der Möglichkeit,Meloidogyne javanica undTylenchus semipenetrans (Nematoda) mittelsBac. thuringiensis biologisch zu bekämpfen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daßB. thuringiensis die Eigelege und die Populationsdichte beider Nematoden stark reduzierte. Auch wurde die Schlüpflähigkeit der Eier beider Nematodenarten durch Anwendung der zweiBacillus-Präparate deutlich verringert. Der SANBacillus-Stamm zeigte höhere, Wirkung als Dipel und entsprach etwa dem Standard-Nematizid Nemacur.

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With 2 tables     

Biological control study onTylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb) (Nematodes) by certain soil mesofauna

Pot experiments were carried out to explore the role of macrochilid mites,Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scop.), and staphylinid beetles,Philonthus longicornis Steph. and collembola,Onychiurus sp. singly and in combination onTylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb) on sour orange at 29±5°C 74±5% R. H. in green house. All tested soil mesofauna significantly reduced the population of the nematode. The highest predation rate was achieved by the predator mite,M. muscaedomesticae (Scop.) singly, followed by the combination of soil mite plus collembola. The numbers of soil mesofauna recovered from soil at the end of the experiment were significantly higher in treatments of nematode plus one of each of soil mesofauna than monoinoculation of each.     

The detection of mutagenic pollutants in marine organisms of Kuwait

Several types of pollutants are currently entering the territorial waters of Kuwait from a variety of sources. Some pollutants, especially petrochemicals, are known to be potentially mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. Some of these chemical pollutants may enter the tissues of aquatic organisms and eventually the human body. The presence of such chemicals in the marine environment might create a serious health hazard. The marine environment of Kuwait was monitored for the presence of mutagenic chemicals using living organisms such as shrimp, clams and algae as bioindicators. These organisms were collected from selected sites within Kuwait territorial waters. Their tissues were extracted in ethanol and screened for genetically active chemicals by two standard bacterial assays, the Fluctuation Test and the Ames Test. Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was used as a tester strain. The data obtained from this study indicated that the shrimp, algae and clam samples were polluted with low concentration of frameshift mutagens. Due to the limited scope and nature of this study it was impossible to determine the source(s) of input or the chemical nature of these pollutants.     

Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity:A review

To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials (DFM) for improved animal performance in te...