猪链球菌7型的分离鉴定及药敏试验

某猪群暴发类似猪链球菌病,为确诊和防制该病,通过将病料接种到血液营养琼脂培养基和TSA培养基分离细菌,对分离菌株进行生化鉴定和PCR鉴定,并接种小白鼠进行动物试验和药敏试验。结果表明,分离的细菌为猪链球菌7型,对小白鼠具有致病性,且对恩诺沙星和头孢唑啉高度敏感。该结果对临床防制猪链球菌病具有参考意义。     

光照和温度影响昆虫昼夜节律生物钟的分子机制

昼夜节律是生物界最普遍的生物钟节律。模式昆虫果蝇(Drosophila)的昼夜生物钟即是一种"转录-翻译-抑转录"调节机制。其中,光照是一种调控生物钟的重要授时因子,能引起时间相位的延迟和提前;环境温度也是一个重要的授时因子,只需1~2℃的改变就可影响生物钟的时间相位。温度诱导生物钟的机制与光照相似,都需要隐花色素(CRY)蛋白的参与,周期蛋白(PER)-永恒蛋白(TIM)-CRY蛋白复合体在光线和温度的诱导路径中都发挥着重要作用。温度与光照可以协同发挥作用,共同调节生物钟,但光照与温度在诱导生物钟基因per和tim表达方面也存在着差异:光照条件下per与tim基因的表达节律变化为平行关系;而温度条件下per的表达峰比tim的表达峰早出现。家蚕(Bombyxmori)滞育是一种非常典型的对环境温度和光照进行主动适应的机制,因而家蚕有可能成为研究这2种授时因子协同作用的模式生物。     

湖南省部分地区商品鸡异刺线虫感染情况调查

为了了解湖南省商品鸡异刺线虫感染情况,2007年2月～9月,笔者应用寄生虫学完全剖检法,对湖南省长沙、湘潭、永州、常德和娄底五个地区的275羽商品鸡,进行了鸡异刺线虫的感染情况调查。结果显示,商品鸡总体感染率为42．2％（116／275）,平均感染强度为10．4。丘陵区鸡异刺线虫的感染率最高,感染率介于70％-100％之间;湖区和市区的感染率依次居后,分别只有36．4％和32．3％。     

葡萄糖酸对肉鸡生产性能及养分表观消化率的影响

选取1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡540R,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15R.处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、ⅤV和Ⅵ在基础日粮中分别添加0.08%、0.15%、0.20%、0.30%和0.40%葡萄糖酸(GA).研究葡萄糖酸对肉鸡生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响,探讨葡萄糖酸在肉鸡日粮中应用的可行性.结果表明:①与对照组相比,0.15%和0.20%添加组显著提高0～21日龄、22～42日龄鸡的日增重(P<0.05);0.20%添加组降低0～21日龄料重比2.67%(P<0.05),0.15%添加组降低22～42日龄料重比1.72%(P<0.05),0.15%和0.20%添加组分别降低试验0～42日龄料重比1.89%和1.61%,达到显著水平(P<0.05);GA对肉鸡日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05).②21日龄时,0.15%～0.30%添加组显著提高粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率(P<0.05),0.15%和0.20%添加组显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05);42日龄时,0.15%、0.20%和0.40%添加组均显著提高粗蛋白和磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),0.15%～0.30%添加组显著提高钙的表观消化率(P<0.05).     

猪霉菌中毒症的预防

猪对霉菌毒素极为敏感,而减少由此引起的经济损失是目前一个非常重要的研究领域。尽管对霉菌中毒症作出诊断是非常困难的,但现有的预防方法可以避免霉菌中毒症的发生。根据Erwan Le Bras的研究成果,采用改良型黏土是预防猪爆发霉菌中毒症的其中一项有效解决方法。     

17β─雌二醇主动免疫对公兔生殖的影响

以１７β－雌二醇－６－人血清白蛋白对新西兰公兔进行主动免疫，用ＲＩＡ检测抗体滴度和１７β－雌二醇及睾酮浓度，并检测睾丸重量和间质细胞面积。结果，试验组各兔均不同程度地产生了１７β－雌二醇抗体，其血浆１７β－雌二醇浓度极显著地低于对照组〔（２０．３±２１．６）ｎｇ／Ｌ，（１６７．７±４９．６）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１〕，睾酮浓度极显著地高于对照组〔（７．３±７．１）μｇ／Ｌ，（０．５２±０．２９）μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１〕。每侧睾丸重量和间质细胞面积均极显著地大于对照组〔（３．９４±０．９３）ｇ和（２５２．２５±８５．７８）μｍ２，（２．９８±０．７２）ｇ和（１６１．７９±３６．４５）μｍ２，Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１〕。提示１７β－雌二醇主动免疫可望成为提高雄性动物生育力的有效途径之一     

禽大肠杆菌高密度发酵与溶氧关系的研究

利用GUJS—10C小型发酵罐分批培养禽大肠杆菌，通过平板计数、比浊计数的方法，对大肠杆菌高密度发酵中细菌生长与溶氧的关系进行分析。结果表明：溶氧的规律性变化能够反映大肠杆菌生长的规律，即在细菌生长的适应期细菌数量较少，耗氧量少，溶氧曲线最高；随着发酵时间的增加，细菌不断增多，耗氧量也随之增加，溶氧曲线下降；达到对数生长期，曲线最低；进入稳定期，曲线趋于平稳；到发酵后期，细菌进入衰老期，溶氧曲线略有上升，这时可终止发酵。     

Plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin in relation to changes in body condition score in heifers

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, and IGF-I with dynamic changes in body condition scores (BCS) in heifers. Nineteen Zebu-Brown Swiss crossbred heifers, 24 to 30 mo old, weighing 322 +/- 9 kg, and with an initial BCS of 2.6 +/- 0.11 (range = 1 to 9) were used. Heifers were fed 60% of their maintenance requirements until they reached a BCS of < or = 2. Heifers were then maintained at that level for 25 d, after which they were fed to gain 1 kg of body weight daily until a BCS of 6 was reached. Heifers were weighed weekly and BCS was measured every 2 wk. Plasma samples were collected twice weekly, and leptin and insulin were determined by RIA. An immunoradiometric assay was used to measure IGF-I from one sample every 2 wk. Plasma concentrations of leptin were positively correlated during nutritional restriction (NR) and weight gain (WG) periods with BCS (r = 0.47 for NR, and r = 0.83 for WG; P < 0.01) and body weight (r = 0.40 for NR, and r = 0.78 for WG; P < 0.01). Plasma concentrations of leptin decreased during nutritional restriction (P < 0.01) as BCS decreased. During weight gain, leptin concentration increased at BCS 3 and thereafter for each integer change in the BCS. Regression analysis showed that changes in body weight affect leptin concentrations within a given BCS. There was a decrease in IGF-I as BCS declined (P < 0.01). During weight gain, by contrast, IGF-I increased significantly (P < 0.01) with every unit change in body condition up to BCS of 4 and plateaued thereafter. Insulin concentrations did not change during nutritional restriction when BCS decreased from 3 to 1. However, once the diet was improved, there was a large increase in insulin concentrations in heifers with BCS 1 (P < 0.01). Among heifers of BCS 2 and 3, insulin did not differ and was lower than in heifers of BCS 1 (P < 0.01). Insulin increased (P < 0.01) among heifers at BCS 4 to 6. Leptin was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with both IGF-I (r = 0.34 for NR, and r = 0.36 for WG) and insulin (r = 0.18 for WG). Insulin was correlated with IGF-I (r = 0.60; P < 0.01). During nutritional restriction, insulin did not correlate with leptin (r = -0.05), BCS (r = -0.03), or IGF-I (r = 0.07). It was concluded that leptin serves as a dynamic indicator of body condition in heifers, as well as an indicator of nutritional status.     

亚麻籽在动物生产中的应用现状

随着亚麻籽在食品工业和动物体内的广泛应用,人们对亚麻籽的研究已经成为热点。本文对亚麻籽营养成分、饲用方式及目前在动物生产中的应用现状进行综述,为未来我国进行此方面的研究提供理论基础。