Testing and Identification of Carp Edema Virus Disease in Cultured Koi

An acute infectious diseases occurred in a koi farm in Fangshan district, Beijing, and it resulted in mortalities of more than 50%.The main symptoms of sick koi were gills necrosis, kidney erosion and edema,which were similar to the clinical signs of koi herpes virus disease (KHVD).But PCR tests showed negative results for KHV. For further diagnosis, bacterial cultures, transmission electron microscopy studies, virus isolation and PCR tests were used. Electron microscopic observation revealed pox virus particles having a size of about 200 nm×400 nm in the kidney. 548 and 180 bp fragments were amplified from organs of sick koi by PCR method using specific primers of carp edema virus (CEV). The fragments were sequenced and analysed. The results showed that they were shared 100% nucleotide identity with CEV-H504. All the results indicated that this disease was carp edema virus disease, caused by a kind of pox virus, CEV. This was the first report on the CEV of cultured koi in China.     

Research Progress on Effects of Proline on Reproductive Performance of Sows

Proline is a cyclic α-imino acids,meanwhile it also can be considered as a functional amino acid for mammals and plays an important role in protein synthesis,organism metabolism,wound healing,anti-oxidant and immune reactions. The studys have found that extra dietary supplementation of moderated proline has great significance in improving the growth and development of conceptus,piglets, embryo,mammary gland and placenta of sows,at the same time it also can prevent intrauterine growth restriction. The author reviewed structure characters and physicochemical properties,anabolism and catabolism of proline,and especially focused on its effects on the reproductive performance of pregnancy sows and potential regulation mechanism aiming to provide some help for the researchers in the field of sows.     

“番鸭一号”使用自产饲料与外购饲料对比试验

以自产饲料为试验组、外购饲料为对照组、广东省云浮市某“番鸭一号”养殖户为基本单元,开展饲料营养对比试验,对“番鸭一号”饲料营养标准进行研究探讨.结果表明:①“番鸭一号”应分3个阶段饲养(番小鸭料:1～18日龄;番中鸭料:19～40日龄;番大鸭料:41日龄至上市).②番中鸭料宜使用超低代谢能标准,限制长速;作为补偿,后期使用高代谢能饲料,可有效控制“斤鸭料本”.③在夏季条件下,番大鸭(项鸭)饲料粗蛋白标准设定在15％,代谢能设定在12.33 MJ/kg时,上市项鸭“斤鸭料本”“次鸭率”明显优于外购料.     

冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白细胞核定位特征的研究进展

冠状病毒属于尼多病毒目(Nidovirales),冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae),冠状病毒属(Coronavirus)成员,为单股正链RNA病毒,根据其基因组和抗原性的特征又分为3个群:第1群主要包括猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Transmissiblegastroenteritis virus,TGEV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcineepidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)和人冠状病毒229E(Humancoronavirus 229E,HcoV-229E);第Ⅱ a群主要有小鼠肝炎病毒(Mouse hepatitis virus,MHV),第Ⅱ b群主要有严重的急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Severe acute respiratory synd-rome coronavirus,SARS-CoY);第Ⅲ群主要包括鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,my)、人冠状病毒0C43(Human coronavirus NL63,HCoV-NL63)[1,2].     

Pyruvate kinase is necessary for Brucella abortus full virulence in BALB/c mouse

Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella, is one of the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Host infection relies on several uncanonical virulence factors. A recent research hotpot is the links between carbon metabolism and bacterial virulence. In this study, we found that a carbon metabolism-related pyruvate kinase (Pyk) encoded by pyk gene (locus tag BAB_RS24320) was associated with Brucella virulence. Determination of bacterial growth curves and resistance to environmental stress factors showed that Pyk plays an important role in B. abortus growth, especially under the conditions of nutrition deprivation, and resistance to oxidative stress. Additionally, cell infection assay showed that Pyk is necessary for B. abortus survival and evading fusion with lysosomes within RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited that the Pyk deletion significantly reduced B. abortus virulence in a mouse infection model. Our results elucidated the role of the Pyk in B. abortus virulence and provided information for further investigation of Brucella virulence associated carbon metabolism.     

鸡马立克氏病病毒在鸡淋巴细胞和羽髓中的复制动力学分析

马立克氏病（MD）是由鸡马立克氏病病毒血清1型（MDV1）引起的鸡高度接触性淋巴细胞增生性疾病,MDV1在体内的复制状况与其致病性强弱及传播能力直接相关。本实验选择近几年从国内不同地区MD暴发鸡场分离的6株MDV1强毒株、弱毒疫苗“814”株和国内标准MDV1强毒J-1株,分别人工感染SPF鸡,采用双重实时荧光定量PCR（FQ—PCR）方法,检测感染后1d～28d病毒在淋巴细胞和羽髓中的复制状况。结果显示,接种1d后即可在淋巴细胞中检测到MDV1（10^2.6 copies～10^5.2 copies／10^6 cells）;在检测期间,淋巴细胞中病毒载量略有上升的趋势,总体呈现不规律变化,而且变化并不明显。接种7d后羽髓中病毒载量开始显著增加,14d～21d达到峰值,超强毒株峰值处病毒载量可达到10^7 copies／10^6 cells,峰值期病毒载量是感染前期（1d～7d）的100～10000倍。强毒株在体内的病毒载量高于弱毒株,即复制能力高于弱毒株。研究表明,MDV1国内流行的毒株有增殖速度快,病毒载量高的新特点;MDV1致病性的高低与在其在体内的复制能力的高低呈正相关。     

不同利用方式下伊犁绢蒿贮藏营养物质的比较

2005～2006年采用实地调查与室内分析相结合的方式,对新疆昌吉市阿什里乡不同利用方式下的伊犁绢蒿根中可塑性贮藏营养物质变化进行了研究.结果表明:伊犁绢蒿的根中可溶性碳水化合物、蔗糖、淀粉、粗蛋白质含量在多年封育地、连续放牧地、禁牧一放牧地间差异极显著(P<0.01),且多年封育可促进可溶性碳水化合物、蔗糖、淀粉的积累,而连续放牧可以刺激粗蛋白质的增加;短期禁牧后再连续放牧,会引起贮藏营养物质的逐渐丧失,不利于草地恢复效果的保持.     

郏县红牛皮肤真菌病的流行性调查及治疗体会

本文以场内生产情况为例,记录了牛皮肤真菌病的症状、治疗及诊断和防治措施,以期给同行提供参考,共同探讨。     

皱皮香猪HAS2基因SNPs的鉴定及生物信息学分析

为了探究皱皮香猪全身性皮肤褶皱是否与透明质酸合成酶2（hyaluronan synthase 2,HAS2）基因变异有关,本研究以普通香猪为对照,采用特异性PCR方法克隆HAS2基因的外显子编码区,应用生物信息学方法分析测定基因编码区的碱基变异,检测变异位点在群体中的分布频率。结果显示,皱皮香猪HAS2基因中检测到4个SNPs位点：位于外显子1的T221A错义突变（导致亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸）和A228G同义突变,位于外显子2的T183C和外显子4的C537T同义突变。生物信息学分析发现,T221A和A228G位点构成4种单倍型,其中T-A为皱皮香猪群体的主要单倍型（27.5%）,且在皱皮香猪群体中紧密连锁（r²=0.253）,而且T221A和A228G突变可引起mRNA自由能和蛋白质结构发生变化,TA组合的自由能为-573.29 kJ·mol^-1,TG组合的自由能为-580.89 kJ·mol^-1,AG组合的自由能为-572.66 kJ·mol^-1;AA组合的自由能为-571.03 kJ·mol^-1;蛋白序列中亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸后,α螺旋由35.52%降为32.97%,自由卷曲由43.17%升至44.51%,同时引起蛋白序列三级结构的改变。位点T221A和A228G在香猪群体中呈现出丰富的多态性,均表现出3种基因型;关联分析结果显示,皱皮香猪T221A位点的A等位基因频率显著高于普通香猪（P<0.05）,A228G位点中皱皮香猪的G等位基因频率极显著高于普通香猪（P<0.01）。T183C位点的C等位基因频率和C537T位点的T等位基因频率在皱皮香猪和普通香猪间未达到显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究结果揭示,HAS2基因的外显子1中发生的两个碱基变异可能影响基因转录后mRNA的稳定性以及蛋白的三维结构,影响HA的合成量,并与皱皮香猪体侧皮肤不均匀增厚且发生褶皱有关。