油松和虎榛子不同林型根系分泌物组分及化感效应

采用气质联用（GC/MS）技术,分别对油松Piuns tabulaeformis纯林和虎榛子Ostryopsis davidiana纯林及两者混交林根际土壤中根系分泌物组分进行分析。在此基础上,应用外源法选择邻苯二甲酸、ρ-香豆酸对油松盆栽幼苗进行了化感效应测试。结果表明：根际中检测到的化合物包括有机酸类、酯类和酚酸类。其中有机酸是数量最多且比例最大的一类化合物,在油松纯林、虎榛子纯林及混交林中有机酸所占比例分别为63.82%,71.05%和69.12%;酯类分别占8.38%,12.65%和14.42%;酚酸类分别占整个组分的27.80%,16.30%和16.46%;酚酸类化合物检测到7种,包括羟基肉桂酸、ρ-羟基苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸和ρ-香豆酸,混交林中没有检测到羟基肉桂酸。油松纯林中,7种酚酸的含量显著高于另外2种林型,除3,4-二羟基苯甲酸外,其余酚酸含量均为混交林的2.5倍以上,ρ-香豆酸达到8倍;与对照相比,应用外源ρ-香豆酸和邻苯二甲酸在质量浓度2.5 mg·L^－1时对油松苗高和生物量均具有促进作用,化感响应指数为正值。随着2种化合物质量浓度的增大,抑制作用加强,但ρ-香豆酸的抑制作用小于邻苯二甲酸。因此,混交林根际根系酚酸含量的降低可能是其生长优于纯林的重要原因之一。图2表1参12     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

Research advances of SAR remote sensing for agriculture applications: A review

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an effective and important technique in monitoring crop and other agricultural targets because its quality does not depend on weather conditions. SAR is sensitive to the geometrical structures and dielectric properties of the targets and has a certain penetration ability to some agricultural targets. The capabilities of SAR for agriculture applications can be organized into three main categories: crop identification and crop planting area statistics, crop and cropland parameter extraction, and crop yield estimation. According to the above concepts, this paper systematically analyses the recent progresses, existing problems and future directions in SAR agricultural remote sensing. In recent years, with the remarkable progresses in SAR remote sensing systems, the available SAR data sources have been greatly enriched. The accuracies of the crop classification and parameter extraction by SAR data have been improved progressively. But the development of modern agriculture has put forwarded higher requirements for SAR remote sensing. For instance, the spatial resolution and revisiting cycle of the SAR sensors, the accuracy of crop classification, the whole phenological period monitoring of crop growth status, the soil moisture inversion under the condition of high vegetation coverage, the integrations of SAR remote sensing retrieval information with hydrological models and/or crop growth models, and so on, still need to be improved. In the future, the joint use of optical and SAR remote sensing data, the application of multi-band multi-dimensional SAR, the precise and high efficient modeling of electromagnetic scattering and parameter extraction of crop and farmland composite scene, the development of light and small SAR systems like those onboard unmanned aerial vehicles and their applications will be active research areas in agriculture remote sensing. This paper concludes that SAR remote sensing has great potential and will play a more significant role in the various fields of agricultural remote sensing.     

运城地区发展节水农业的思考

运城地区水资源贫乏 ,干旱缺水已成为严重制约全区农业生产再上新台阶的关键因素。根据水资源丰富程度、分布特点、开采条件 ,就不同区域 ,提出不同的节水农业措施     

组氨酸激酶基因envZ调控禽致病性大肠埃希菌生物被膜的机制研究

目的 研究双组分系统ompR/envZ中的组氨酸激酶基因envZ对禽致病性大肠埃希菌(Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)生物被膜形成能力的影响,了解该双组分系统在APEC中对生物被膜的调控机制,为探索生物被膜影响禽致病性大埃希菌耐药性的途径提供参考。方法 采用Red同源重组的方法构建envZ基因缺失株,比较野生株和envZ基因缺失株生长特性、生物被膜形成能力的差异。利用转录组学方法分析envZ在转录调控网络中对其生物被膜形成相关基因的调控机制。结果 成功构建envZ基因缺失株AE17ΔenvZ;envZ基因缺失对APEC的生长速度无明显影响,但使APEC生物被膜的成膜能力减弱。与野生株AE17相比,envZ基因缺失株有711个基因发生差异表达,与生物被膜形成相关的基因显著下调。结论 envZ基因除了响应环境渗透压,还参与调控APEC生物被膜的形成。     

重庆市不同规模灌区农灌水有效利用系数测算与对比研究

通过对重庆市不同规模灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数计算结果的比较研究,对出现的中型灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数大于小型灌区的结果进行合理性分析,并为重庆市农田灌溉用水有效利用系数的进一步提高,提出相关建议,为政府相关部门的科学决策提供参考.综合考虑重庆的地形、气候、土壤等因素.根据选定灌区的实测数据,采用首尾测算法计算2017年重庆市不同规模灌溉农田灌溉水的有效利用系数,采用单因素和主成分分析法,分析影响农田灌溉水有效灌溉系数的主要因素. 1)通过测算, 2017年重庆市中型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数为0.499,小型灌区为0.487,推算全市为0.495; 2)在影响农田灌溉水有效利用系数的主要因素中,当地的节水工程和管理状况所占的比例大于自然因素; 3)中型灌区在节水工程的投资、管理和维护等方面均优于小型灌区; 4)自然因素中,降水量对农田灌溉水有效利用系数具有一定的负面影响.     

山西省火红熊蜂生物学特性观察

对山西五台山地区火红熊蜂的生物学特性和生活史进行连续观察,发现了火红熊蜂的年生活史:每年5月中旬越冬存活的蜂王陆续出蛰,大约取食2周后开始产卵;6月中旬第1批工蜂出房,并参加巢内各种工作,6月下旬蜂王开始产下第1批未受精卵;7月下旬雄蜂出房,8月中旬新一代的蜂王开始出房,出房后8～10 d性成熟,8月下旬在合适的天气出巢飞行进行交配;10月上旬交配成功的蜂王开始在选定的洞穴内进入休眠越冬状态。了解和掌握火红熊蜂的生物学特性和生活史,对火红熊蜂的人工饲养和繁育具有重要意义。     

基于判别局部保持投影的苹果叶部病害识别方法

通过维数约简实现特征提取是图像识别的一个重要步骤.由于同一种作物病害叶片和病斑图像的高度复杂性,在各种不同拍摄角度、位置和光照等条件下得到的图像之间差异较大,使得很多经典的维数约简和特征提取算法不能有效地用于作物叶部病害识别.本文在判别局部保持投影(Discriminant Locality Preserving Projections,DLPP)的基础上,提出一种基于DLPP的苹果叶部病害识别方法.首先利用GrabCut算法对采集的病害叶部图像进行背景分割,然后利用分水岭算法对去背景图像进行分割,得到病斑图像;再利用DLPP将病斑图像投影到低维判别空间,得到分类特征;最后利用K-最近邻分类器进行病害类别识别.在实际苹果病害叶片图像数据库上的实验结果表明,该方法是有效可行的.     

城市墓园景观规划设计研究

提出了墓园的概念,对国内外墓园历史发展做了系统回顾,归纳了墓园景观规划的4个特点,指出墓园是城市重要组成部分,阐述了城市墓园景观规划设计内容,包括位置选择、规划指导思想、面积规划、分区规划、道路规划、植物规划、小品规划。总结了国内墓园建设中存在的主要问题,并提出了加强墓园建设的措施。     

Comparative proteomics analysis of maize (Zea mays) leaves infected by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus)

Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is a viral disease caused by brown planthopper infestation, and leads to great yield loss, especially in China. Comparative proteomics was performed using maize inbred line Zheng 58 and LN 287. MRDD pathogen was detected as rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in Shandong Province, China. The modified trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone method was used for soluble protein extraction from leaves. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis was performed on 24-cm long, pH 4–7 linear immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, and gels were stained with silver and coomassie brilliant blue. We identified 944 proteins expressed in RBSDV infected maize leaves by proteomics approaches. Among these, 44 protein spots that revealed a 1.5-fold difference in intensity were identified by mass spectrometry between mock-inoculated and RBSDV infected samples. Among these, 17 and 26 spots were up-regulated, and 27 and 18 spots were down-regulated in the virus infected samples of Zheng 58 and LN 287, respectively. Differential protein spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry identification, which could be divided into six categories. Furthermore, the expression of stress-related proteins was detected and confirmed by qRT-PCR. This study lays the foundation for further investigations, enabling the enhancement of MRDD resistance in maize.