基因型与环境及其互作效应对胡麻主要农艺性状的影响

运用联合方差和AMMI模型对11个胡麻新品系在6个地点的产量、株高、工艺长度、分枝数、单株果数、每果粒数、千粒质量和单株生产力的表现及稳定性进行研究。结果表明:环境及环境和基因型互作效应对胡麻主要农艺性状有显著影响且对各农艺性状影响的大小不同。对产量影响的大小为环境交互作用基因型;对株高的影响:环境基因型交互作用;对工艺长度的影响:环境基因型交互作用;对分枝数的影响:环境交互作用基因型;对单株果数的影响:交互作用环境基因型;对每果粒数的影响:交互作用环境基因型;对千粒质量的影响:环境交互作用基因型;对单株生产力的影响:环境交互作用基因型。通过稳定性参数可以看出,‘0569-14’产量稳定性最好;‘2004M1-15-1-1-1’的株高和工艺长度稳定性最好;‘0559-15’的分枝数、单株果数和单株生产力稳定性最好;‘1S×外6’的每果粒数稳定性最好;‘113×81A350’的千粒质量稳定性最好。     

四翅滨藜引种试验

对引种的四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)树形(分成匍匐型、半匍匐型、直立型)、树高、地径、分枝数与冻害程度进行多元回归分析,确定了树形是影响其冻害程度的主要因子。因此可判定,四翅滨藜在半干旱地区引种产生冻害的主要原因是春季风大,易产生生理干旱;匍匐型的由于贴近地面,受风小,冻害程度最轻,大部分可在试验地越冬;直立型的冻害程度最高。同时,对四翅滨藜的耐旱性、耐盐碱性及在试验地的生物量、物候等进行了系统测定,为今后高寒风沙、盐碱地区引种四翅滨藜提供了借鉴。     

高温胁迫对棉花内源激素的影响

温室效应带来的高温胁迫对人类及农作物的影响越来越大,而棉花中内源激素含量的调节可以从一定程度上改善其抗逆性。本文综述了国内外关于高温胁迫对棉花等植物内源激素的影响的研究进展,重点分析了高温胁迫对公认的植物内源激素的影响,以期为农作物尤其是棉花通过明确高温胁迫下相关内源激素的变化,辅以外施激素培育具有耐高温等适应性的棉花新品种,同时为棉花响应逆境胁迫的生理机制奠定理论基础。     

The effect of low-temperature event on the survival and growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juglans mandshurica</Emphasis> seedlings within forest gaps

In forest ecosystems, gap formation changes the allocation of abiotic resources and thus affects the survival and growth of understory plants. However, how tree seedling survival and growth respond to low-temperature events and the influencing mechanisms remain unclear. To clarify how low-temperature event limits the survival and growth of tree seedlings in the montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province, northeast China, we investigated temperature and light intensity within secondary forest gaps, and the survival and growth of Juglans mandshurica seedlings after a low-temperature event in the spring of 2014. Damage to seedlings due to low temperature significantly varied in different aspects. Seedlings in gaps on southeast-facing slopes were the most seriously damaged, followed by those in gaps on northeast-facing slopes. In contrast, seedlings in west-facing gaps and in control plots without slope aspect were not damaged. The freezing injury index for seedlings was negatively correlated with minimum temperature (r = ? 0.608, P < 0.01), but it was positively correlated with light intensity (r = 0.818, P < 0.01). In addition, height and root collar diameter of damaged seedlings were significantly lower than those of the undamaged seedlings (P < 0.01) during the early growing season (April–July), but no significant difference were observed during the late growing season (July–October) (P > 0.05). The extent of seedling damage was directly related to slope aspect. Low temperature and high light intensity were found to be the dominant factors affecting extent of damage to seedlings on southeast- and northeast-facing slopes.     

Age structure of Tilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain

IntroductionAgestructureoftrees,whichreflcctsrcge11eratio11processandvelocity,meansquantityoftreesdividingbyage.Broad-leavedKoreanpineforestwastl1etypicalzol1alvegetationofChangbaiMountaininNortheastO1ina,anditwastheprimarygymnospermconununitysurvivedaftertheQuatemaryGlacierPeriod.Alotofcommunityinf`)r-mationaccumulatCdinthestr-uctllreofforeststandsa11dgrowingprocessofindividualtrees.So,athoroughstUdyonagestructureanditsdistributiol1ofbroad-leavedKore-anpine.forestwouldprovidetl1eoretical…     

内蒙古巴盟小麦根病种类、数量及分布

1997～ 1999年 ,通过巴盟 5个旗 (县 )、2 0个乡、社的调查和 160 1份采集标样的室内病原菌分离、鉴定 ,结果表明 :巴盟地区小麦根病的主要病原菌为全蚀病菌 ,其分离频率最高为59 4 % ;次要病原菌有黄色镰刀菌 ,禾谷镰刀菌 ,麦根腐德氏霉 ,丝核菌 ,交链孢菌等 7种病原菌。全蚀病在 5个旗 (县 )均有不同程度的分布、发生数量约占根病的 80 %～ 90 %。     

Study on Glulam Process

INTRODUCTIONGlulam (namely glued laminated lumber) is a kind ofproducts that are assembled by sawn lumbers or smallsquares laminated in grain directions and glued in thedirection of thickness, width and length with adhesives.Not only does glulam possess the same property asnatural wood does, but also can avoid some defects,such as warping, distortion, split, etc. As one kind ofthree main engineered wood products as laminatedveneer lumber (LVL) and I-beam, glulam is widely usedin construc…     

壳聚糖对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、 脂肪含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为了探讨饲料中添加壳聚糖对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、脂肪含量及抗氧化能力的影响.以初始体重为(46.03±0.11)g的星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)幼鱼为研究对象,用壳聚糖等比例替代基础饲料中0(D0,对照组)、0.25％(D1)、0.50％(D2)、1.00％(D3)、2.00％(D4)的α-纤维素来配制5种等氮等能的饲料进行64天的生长实验.结果表明:(1)各处理组增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及摄食率(DFI)均随壳聚糖含量的升高而升高,脏体比(VSI随壳聚糖含量的升高而显著降低(P＜0.05);添加壳聚糖对各组的饲料系数(FCR及存活率(SR)无显著影响(P＞0.05);(2)各处理组全鱼脂肪含量随壳聚糖含量升高而降低,D4组显著低于D0组(P＜0.05)且全鱼脂肪含量与血清甘油三酯(TG),总胆固醇(CHO),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均呈高度正相关;(3)D4组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于D0组(P＜0.05),其他各试验组与对照组相比均有所提高,但差异不显著(P＞0.05); D2组血清抗超氧阴离子(O2-)活性显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05);各处理组血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并分别在D3组、D3组、D2组、D2组达到最高(P＜0.05);各处理组血清白蛋白(Alb)及总蛋白浓度(TP)浓度均随壳聚糖含量的升高而升高,且D4组显著高于D0组(P＜0.05).实验证明,在配合饲料中添加壳聚糖能够显著提高星斑川鲽幼鱼生长性能和机体抗氧化能力并降低机体脂肪含量;以增重率及抗氧化能力为综合评价指标,星斑川鲽幼鱼饲料壳聚糖的适宜添加量为0.50％.     

Pollution of Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals(EDCs) in Water and Its Adverse Reproductive Effect on Fish

越来越多的环境内分泌干扰物（ EDCs）不断释放到环境,并通过大气沉降、地表径流、土壤淋溶和直接排放等方式进入水体,从而使水体成为 EDCs 存在的主要场所之一。为引起社会对水体 EDCs 污染的广泛关注,并积极采取EDCs 危害防治措施,保护鱼类资源和水生态系统,本文介绍了 EDCs 的分类,详述了自然水体、饮用水源水以及自来水中EDCs 污染情况,阐明了 EDCs 对鱼类的生殖危害。资料分析显示,EDCs 能够扰乱生物体内分泌功能,导致生殖器官、生殖机能和生殖行为异常,引起生育力下降,甚至生物繁殖机能损害,并最终导致种群数量下降,以至物种灭绝。虽然国内外已经开展了一些关于 EDCs 对生物危害等方面的研究,但大都处于起步阶段,存在着基础研究薄弱、识别和鉴定困难或代价太大等问题,有关工作亟需全面、深入开展。     

随动式秸秆还田与残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验

针对新疆棉田秋后残膜捡拾率低、膜杂分离效果差等问题,设计了一种随动式秸秆还田与残膜回收联合作业机,整机主要由秸秆粉碎装置和残膜捡拾装置组成。根据新疆棉花种植模式与作业要求对整机的关键部件进行了设计,确定了粉碎刀轴、甩刀、链板总成和起膜齿等零部件的结构参数。选取甩刀转速、机器前进速度和起膜齿入土深度为影响因素,秸秆粉碎长度合格率、残膜捡拾率和膜杂分离率为响应指标,进行了三因素五水平正交旋转中心组合试验。通过Design-Expert V8.0.6.1软件进行方差分析,建立了影响因素与评价指标的数学回归模型,分析了显著因素对响应指标的影响,优化试验参数,确定最优参数组合为:甩刀转速1200 r/min,机器前进速度4.5 km/h,起膜齿入土深度100 mm。根据最优参数组合进行田间试验,结果表明:在优化参数组合下,秸秆粉碎长度合格率的均值为89.37%、残膜捡拾率和膜杂分离率的均值分别为90.31%和93.16%,表明该联合作业机满足秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收的技术要求。该研究成果有利于提高残膜捡拾机作业效果,解决新疆棉田残膜污染问题。