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罗平万峰山市级自然保护区保护价值评价

万峰山自然保护区地处地貌发育典型的喀斯特地区,是我国滇东喀斯特山地森林的重要组成部分,也是滇东地区重要的物种基因库。本文在对保护区内现有野生动植物资源进行分析的基础上,从典型性、稀有性、脆弱性、多样性、感染力、面积适宜性、潜在价值、科研价值等方面对保护区的保护价值进行了综合评价分析,认为保护区形成了具有代表性的喀斯特山地森林生态系统,区内的森林生态系统对保护喀斯特地区极其脆弱的生态环境及保护生物多样性具有十分重要的意义。     

食物氮含量对意大利蝗生长发育和卵巢面积的影响

为合理预测意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus的种群动态,分别用1%（对照）、4%和7%氮含量的食物饲喂意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻,测定不同氮含量食物处理后意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻的生长速率,羽化后7 d的体长、股节长、胫节长、翅长、翅宽、体重及羽化后1、7、13和19 d的卵巢面积。结果显示,4%氮含量食物处理试虫的生长速率最大,分别较1%和7%氮含量处理的增加了88.02%和109.33%;4%和7%氮含量食物处理后,意大利蝗成虫的后翅宽和体重均显著高于对照;羽化后7 d,不同氮含量食物处理的意大利蝗卵巢面积出现显著差异,羽化后19 d,4%氮含量食物处理的卵巢面积显著高于其他2个处理。表明中等氮含量（4%氮含量）适宜意大利蝗生长。     

黄淮海地区不同种植结构下点蜂缘蝽的发生规律

为明确大豆-玉米带状间作种植模式对点蜂缘蝽Riptortus pedestris发生规律的影响,2023年在山东省大豆单作田中进行诱捕效果试验,筛选诱捕效果最好的诱捕器对黄淮海地区山东、河南和安徽3个省6个市不同种植模式下点蜂缘蝽的发生动态进行监测。结果显示,风叶型诱捕器对点蜂缘蝽的诱捕效果最佳。在大豆单作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生高峰期为7月中旬—8月中旬,此时大豆正值盛花-始荚期。在大豆-玉米带状间作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生动态与大豆单作田的无明显差异,但点蜂缘蝽发生数量及高峰期发生时间可能与杀虫剂的施用时间和次数密切相关。     

草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒对草地贪夜蛾的毒力及其侵染特征

为明确草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒（Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,SfMNPV）对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda 的毒力及其体内外侵染特性,于室内测定SfMNPV对草地贪夜蛾的毒力,采用苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin,HE）染色分析SfMNPV侵染后草地贪夜蛾的组织病理学特征,通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR）技术分析SfMNPV在草地贪夜蛾体内和Sf9细胞系中的复制特征。结果表明,SfMNPV对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的LC₅₀和LT₅₀分别为7.39×10⁵ OBs/mL和3.82 d;SfMNPV可侵染草地贪夜蛾幼虫的真皮、气管、脂肪体和中肠等组织,未侵染肌肉组织;SfMNPV侵染96 h后草地贪夜蛾体内SfMNPV基因组拷贝数最大,为3.91×10⁶ 拷贝数/ng,SfMNPV侵染96 h后Sf9细胞培养上清液中SfMNPV基因组拷贝数最大,为2.08×10⁷ 拷贝数/mL。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

饲料中常见有害物质及处理方法概述

饲料中含有的一些有害物质阻碍饲料营养物质在动物体内的消化吸收,影响动物的生长发育,使用不当还可能导致动物中毒和死亡。文章叙述了这些有害物质的结构,以及消除和降低这些物质的技术和方法。