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排序方式: 共有104条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Nobuko Saigusa Sheng-Gong Li Hyojung Kwon Kentaro Takagi Lei-Ming Zhang Reiko Ide Masahito Ueyama Jun Asanuma Young-Jean Choi Jung Hwa Chun Shi-Jie Han Takashi Hirano Ryuichi Hirata Minseok Kang Tomomichi Kato Joon Kim Ying-Nian Li Takahisa Maeda Akira Miyata Yasuko Mizoguchi Shohei Murayama Yuichiro Nakai Takeshi Ohta Taku M. Saitoh Hui-Ming Wang Gui-Rui Yu Yi-Ping Zhang Feng-Hua Zhao 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(1):41-48
The datasets of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) were acquired from 21 forests, 3 grasslands, and 3 croplands in the eastern part of Asia based on the eddy covariance measurements of the international joint program, CarboEastAsia. The program was conducted by three networks in Asia, ChinaFLUX, JapanFlux, and KoFlux, to quantify, synthesize, and understand the carbon budget of the eastern part of Asia. An intercomparison was conducted for NEE estimated by three gap-filling procedures adopted by ChinaFLUX, JapanFlux, and KoFlux to test the range of uncertainty in the estimation of NEE. The overall comparison indicated good agreement among the procedures in the seasonal patterns of NEE, although a bias was observed in dormant seasons depending on the different criteria of data screening. Based on the gap-filled datasets, the magnitude and seasonality of the carbon budget were compared among various biome types, phenology, and stress conditions throughout Asia. The annual values of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration were almost proportional to the annual air temperature. Forest management, including clear-cutting, plantation, and artificial drainage, was significant and obviously affected the annual carbon uptake within the forests. Agricultural management resulted in notable seasonal patterns in the crop sites. The dataset obtained from a variety of biome types would be an essential source of knowledge for ecosystem science as well as a valuable validation dataset for modeling and remote sensing to upscale the carbon budget estimations in Asia. 相似文献
53.
Reona Azuma Naoko Ito Nobuhiro Nakayama Ryuichi Suwa Nguyen Tran Nguyen Juan Á. Larrinaga-Mayoral Muneraru Esaka Hideyasu Fujiyama Hirofumi Saneoka 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The effects of NaCl stress on plant growth, gas-exchange, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), rate of lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of Na+ ion and sugar were investigated in leaves and fruits of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Especially, the gene expression of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), which is the last enzyme of ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis, and the relationships between AsA level and Na+ concentration in plant tissue were investigated with increasing salinity. Plants were treated with three treatments: the control (0 mM NaCl) and two salinity levels (50 and 100 mM NaCl) for 21 days under greenhouse conditions. Plant growth was markedly restricted due to the reduction of photosynthetic rate and the increase of Na+ accumulation in leaves with the increasing intensity of NaCl stress. Salinity had more effect on fruit growth comparing to leaf growth, suggesting that fruits could be more sensitive to salinity than leaves. In comparison with the control, salt stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation (as measured as malondialdehyde content) but decreased SOD activity in both fruits and leaves although the effect was larger in fruits; and the rate of the decrease in SOD activity was greater than that of the increase in lipid peroxidation. The AsA concentration transiently increased first 7 days but it slightly decreased from the initial level in the end of treatment day 21. The change in GalLDH gene expression was similar to AsA concentration. The accumulation of Na+, the reduction of AsA level at severe salinity stress were greater in fruits than in leaves; and AsA level had a negative relationship with Na+ concentration in both leaves and fruits. These results suggest that the difference in salt sensitivity between fruits and leaves in pepper plants can be related to the difference in inhibition of AsA synthesis, which in turn is probably due to the toxicity of extreme accumulation of Na+. 相似文献
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Mai‐Khoi Q. DO Takahiro SUZUKI Borjigin GERELT Yusuke SATO Wataru MIZUNOYA Mako NAKAMURA Yoshihide IKEUCHI Judy E. ANDERSON Ryuichi TATSUMI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(10):712-717
Successful regeneration and remodeling of neuromuscular junctions are critical for restoring functional capacities and properties of skeletal muscle after damage, and axon‐guidance molecules may be involved in the signaling that regulates such restoration. Recently, we found that early‐differentiated satellite cells up‐regulate a secreted neural chemorepellent Sema3A upon in vivo muscle‐crush injury. The study also revealed that Sema3A expression is up‐regulated in primary satellite‐cell cultures in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and is prevented by transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β2, 3. In order to verify the physiological significance of this regulation in vitro, the present study was designed to estimate the time‐course of extracellular HGF, FGF2 and TGF‐β3 concentrations after crush‐injury of Gastrocnemius muscle in the rat lower hind‐limb, using a combination of a non‐homogenization/non‐spin extraction of extracellular wound fluids and enhanced chemiluminescence–Western blotting analyses. Results clearly demonstrated that active HGF and FGF2 are prevalent in 2–8 days post‐crush, whereas active TGF‐β3 increases after 12 days, providing a better understanding of the time‐coordinated levels of HGF, FGF2 and TGF‐β3 that drive regulation of Sema3A expression during regenerative intramuscular moto‐neuritogenesis. 相似文献
57.
Satoh Y Mano T Tsuruga H Masuda R Matsuhashi T Onuma M Suzuki M Ohtaishi N 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2003,50(4):195-199
To develop an easy method of typing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Hokkaido brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis), the PCR-RFLP technique was improved using four restriction enzymes: Mbo 1, Cfr 13 I, TspE 1, and Fok 1. This approach identified seven groups of mtDNA haplotypes, HB1/2/5-7, HB 3, HB4, HB8/9, HB10/11, HB12 and HB13 from 102 brown bears of northern, central and eastern Hokkaido. 相似文献
58.
Ryuichi TATSUMI Kei MITSUHASHI Ken ASHIDA Atsushi HARUNO Akihito HATTORI Yoshihide IKEUCHI Ronald E. ALLEN 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(4):345-351
It has previously been shown that mechanical stretch induces activation of cultured quiescent satellite cells by rapid release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from its extracellular association with satellite cells and its subsequent presentation to the c‐met receptor. The present study provides evidence that the stretch activation activity varies according to the origin of satellite cells from back and leg skeletal muscles in vitro. Satellite cells were isolated from three muscle groups, back (BK), upper hind limb (UL) and lower hind limb (LL) muscles, of adult male rats and stretch activation activities were compared. In response to stretch, lower hind limb satellite cells showed significantly greater response than upper hind limb and back muscles (LL > UL > BK). Immunoblots of stretched culture media revealed a higher HGF‐releasing capacity of lower hind limb satellite cells than back muscle satellite cells. In addition, lower hind limb satellite cells exhibited a greater activation activity in response to exogenous HGF added to culture media than compared to satellite cells from back and upper hind limb (LL > UL > BK). The increased ability to release HGF and the increased cellular responsiveness might account for higher stretch activation activities of lower hind limb satellite cells. Electrophoretic analysis of myosin heavy chain isoforms verified a higher content of slow muscle fibers in lower limb muscles (LL > UL > BK), suggesting a difference in stretch‐induced activation activity between satellite cells associated with fast and slow muscle fibers. 相似文献
59.
Le Thi MEN Seishi YAMASAKI John S. CALDWELL Ryuichi YAMADA Ryozo TAKADA Toshiaki TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(3):320-329
An on‐farm trial was carried out to improve the current low‐income farmers’ diet and to assess farm conditions that could accept the new ingredients using locally available feed resources in the Mekong Delta region. A total of 42 local Large White‐type pigs, comprising 20 barrows and 22 gilts with initial‐to‐final mean live weight of 34.2–93.0 kg, were used. The trial was designed as a 3 × 3 factorial with three agricultural gross income levels of seven farm households and three dietary treatments. The annual income levels were high income (HI; $US2355 on average), medium income (MI; $US1439) and low income (LI; $US1116). The three types of diets were farmers’ common diet (FCD), rice‐based diet (RBD) and water‐hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)‐supplemented diet (WHD). A total of 12 pigs, consisting of two barrow–gilt couples in each diet treatment, were slaughtered at the end of the trial. The daily weight gain (DG) was higher and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower in the MI and LI pigs than in the HI pigs over the entire fattening period (P < 0.01). No significant effect of the diet treatments was observed on the aforementioned two parameters, but the backfat thickness was least in WHD (16.8 mm) and next least in RBD (17.1 mm), compared with that of FCD pigs (19.4 mm; P < 0.05). The iodine values of RBD and WHD backfat were lower (P < 0.001) than those of FCD backfat. The cost performance, defined as feed cost per kg weight gain, was lowest for MI, intermediate for LI and highest for HI levels (P < 0.05). Therefore, the benefit was highest at the MI level and lowest at the HI level (P < 0.05). In contrast, cost performance of the diet treatments tended to be higher in FCD, and lower in RBD and WHD (P < 0.1). Then, the benefit tended to be higher in RBD and WHD than in the FCD diet (P < 0.1). Overall, these results suggest that the RBD and WHD diets be recommended especially to households with medium and low agricultural incomes. 相似文献
60.
Yasuko Mizoguchi Akira Miyata Yoshikazu Ohtani Ryuichi Hirata Satoko Yuta 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(1):1-9
Aggregating and sharing the metadata of flux observation sites results in a strong collaboration among various fields of study.
Such data sharing will also be a part of the future design of a tower flux observation network in Asia. The aim of this review
is to comprehend the state of tower flux observation sites in Asia. There are 109 tower flux observation sites in Asia including
51 forest sites. There are more new sites under construction in Asia than in America and Europe. These sites range from the
taiga in Siberia to the rainforest in Southeast Asia, and from the equatorial to polar Koeppen climate zones. There are many
highly humid areas in Asia, not only at low latitudes but also at middle latitudes. This climate condition has developed unique
vegetation such as lucidophyllous (evergreen broadleaf) forest, which is distributed in warm areas with high precipitation
in the growing season. However, there are only a few observations taking place in lucidophyllous forest. Rice paddy fields
are also unique land cover in Asia. It is important to accumulate long-term data for rice fields with their management records,
because plant activity depends highly on both climate conditions and land-use management. Flux data, especially net ecosystem
exchange and related elements, are used for widespread studies not only within the flux-research community but also in other
fields of study, for example remote sensing. At present, however, both the quantity and quality of the data are not sufficient
for these studies. Regarding the quantity, there are many recently established sites that have not published data yet; regarding
quality, flux data include uncertainties caused by methodological problems. Flux researchers are required not only to obtain
flux data but also to improve their quality. Meanwhile, data users must understand there are still uncertainties in flux data.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献