Numerical analysis of injection molding for the Syringe Barrel with optimum design and processing condition

The numerical analysis was performed to predict the potential problem, often occurring during the manufacturing process of the disposable medical device of a great volume. The cavity filling analyses were performed for the new design of the 3cc Syringe Barrel using polypropylene(PP1), and a new nucleated polypropylene(PP2) material for better clarity. These analyses have been performed for different processing conditions as well as various wall thickness designs for both materials. With the nucleated material, only the original wall thickness design has been studied at two different processing conditions for comparison purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum part design and processing condition for two different materials. The most desirable design was selected with Design 3 for material utilization and reduced flow stresses by comparing the field results. The new nucleated polypropylene provided slightly better product quality and processing.     

Susceptibility of eight Algerian olive cultivars to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera oleae</Emphasis> infestation – a pomological and nutritional quality perspective

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is the major olive pest in the Mediterranean Basin, being responsible for high losses in olive production. The objective of this work was to study the influence of B. oleae infestation on the pomological parameters and nutritive value (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and ash) of eight olive cultivars (Abani, Aellah, Blanquette de Guelma, Chemlal, Ferkani, Limli, Rougette de Mitidja and Souidi) from Algeria. The results displayed different degrees of susceptibility of the studied cultivars to this pest. Fruit size (weight) and the Fruit weight / stone weight ratio are significantly correlated with the attack. The statistical treatment of the results (PCA and HAC) highlighted different behaviors from the cultivars, concerning the attack. There are some cultivars more susceptible, being the nutritional value also affected. The lipid and protein contents were positively correlated with the attack and the carbohydrates negatively, suggesting a careful choice by the B. oleae. Ovipositional preference of olive fruit fly females and the success of larval development in different olive cultivars are crucial to establishing new approaches in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against this pest.     

Differences in bark beetle (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips typographus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pityogenes chalcographus)</Emphasis> abundance in a strict spruce reserve and the surrounding spruce forests of Serbia

Frequent windthrow in the strict reserves of spruce in the Kopaonik National Park provides much material favorable for the development of Ips typographus (L.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Therefore it was assumed that the abundance of these bark beetles in the reserves was high and that they dispersed to the surrounding spruce forests. To verify this opinion, their population levels were monitored in the strict reserve Jankove Bare and the adjoining spruce forests over the period 2006–2008. I. typographus parasitoids were identified and the parasitism percent was determined in spruce forests around the reserves. Throughout the monitoring period, the abundance of I. typographus and P. chalcographus was found to be lower in the reserve than in the surrounding spruce forests. Five species of I. typographus parasitoids and a low parasitization percent were identified in spruce forests surrounding the reserve.     

Polymorphism of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Got2</Emphasis> DNA sequences sheds light on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegilops tauschii</Emphasis> Coss. intraspecies divergence and origin of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.

DNA sequences of nuclear gene Got2 was studied in 60 accessions of Aegilops tauschii, 29 of subsp. tauschii and 31 of subsp. strangulata. It was found that Got2 allozyme polymorphism in Ae. tauschii is due to a single, unique, mutation which led to replacement of glutamic acid by isoleucine in residue 256 of the enzyme molecule, encoded by Got2. As revealed by Got2 DNA sequences variation, initially in its history Ae. tauschii was presented by subsp. strangulata, and among phylogenetic lineages of subsp. strangulata, the lineage “t-9¹s” (TauL3) is the most ancient, a relict one. Subspecies tauschii is relatively “young”. Initially it was presented by the lineage marked by combination of allozyme alleles Got2 ¹⁰⁵ and Acph1 ¹⁰⁰. In the past it inhabited the Continental area from Caucasia to Pakistan, but later on it was forced out by newly originated, now—a major lineage of subsp. tauschii, marked by Got2 ¹⁰⁰. This lineage extended the Continental area of the species up to Kirgizstan, but actually failed to penetrate into pre-Caspian area, occupied by subsp. strangulata. These results essentially differ from those obtained previously, using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences polymorphism. As revealed by cpDNA, the major, “usual”, subsp. strangulata (TauL2) is “younger” than subsp. tauschii, which resided on phylogenetic tree between relict lineage “t-9¹s”of subsp. strangulata—and major subsp. strangulata. But both cpDNA and Got2 DNA sequences indicate that the level of genetic variation in subsp. tauschii is much lower than in subsp. strangulata. According to Got2 DNA sequences variation, it was Ae. tauschii subsp. strangulata lineage “k-109″ which donated genome D to Triticum aestivum L. This lineage includes accessions: k-109 from South-Eastern Precaspian Azerbaijan; KU-2105, KU-2159 from Western Precaspian Iran; KU-2080 from Eastern Precaspian Iran.     

利用SSR和SRAP标记分析花椰菜自交系的遗传多样性

为选育优质花椰菜新品种,指导种质资源引进和利用,本研究采用简单重复序(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记和相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对38份花椰菜自交系进行了遗传多样性分析,分别从48对SSR引物、48对SRAP引物中各筛选出4对有效引物。4对SSR引物扩增的总条带数为47个,多态性条带为39个,平均多态性比率达83.0%;4对SRAP引物扩增的总条带数为86个,多态性条带为51个,平均多态性比率为59.3%,该结果显示花椰菜自交系间具有较丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析揭示了花椰菜自交系的熟期与其遗传差异相关。     

脂质体法构建广西巴马小型猪转基因体细胞及转基因克隆胚的生产

脂质体法是一种传统的向哺乳动物细胞导入外源基因的方法,然而其转染效率受多种因素影响。本研究将从脂质体和质粒DNA量、转染暴露时间以及混合孵育时间等四方面进行探索,以寻找最佳的转染体系。试验结果表明最佳转染体系为：脂质体1.25μL、DNA 0.7μg、脂质体-DNA混合孵育0 min以及转染暴露6 h。随后我们用优化过的转染体系对新生广西巴马小型猪肾脏成纤维细胞进行转绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）操作,获得了（26.45±2.11）%的转染率,并以此为核供体经体细胞核移植技术成功构建表达GFP的广西巴马小型猪克隆胚胎,同时证实转基因克隆胚的体外发育能力比得上非转基因克隆胚。这为我们构建用于人类疾病研究的基因修饰广西巴马小型猪奠定了基础。     

Litterfall,decomposition and nutrient release of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shorea robusta</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tectona grandis</Emphasis> in a sub-tropical forest of West Bengal,Eastern India

We studied leaf litter fall, decomposition and nutrient release patterns of Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis by using a litter bag technique to better understand the release pattern of nutrients to soil from leaf litter. Annual litterfall varied from 13.40 ± 2.56 t ha^?1 a^?1 for S. robusta to 11.03 ± 3.72 t ha^?1 a^?1 for T. grandis and the decay constant (k) of decomposed leaf litter was distinctly higher for T. grandis (2.70 ± 0.50 a^?1) compared to S. robusta (2.41 ± 0.30 a^?1). Biomass loss was positively correlated with the initial litter C, WSC, C/N and ash content in S. robusta and N, P and K concentration for T. grandis. Biomass was negatively correlated with lignin and L/N ratio for S. robusta and L, WSC, L/N and C/N ratio for T. grandis (P < 0.01). Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and nutrient accumulation index (NAI) of S. robusta was higher than for T. grandis. The retranslocation of bioelements from senescent leaves ranked as P > N > K. Annual N, P and K input to soil through litterfall differed significantly between the two species in the following order: N>K>P. S. robusta was superior in terms of K and P return and T. grandis was superior in terms of N return. The two tree species showed a similar patterns of nutrient release (K > P > N) during decomposition of their leaf litter. Nutrients of N, K and P were the primary limiting nutrients returned to soil through litterfall with important roles in soil fertility and forest productivity.     

开发实用的染色体加倍体系构建成烟草DH群体

通过对4种染色体加倍方法(烟草浸花药法、浸花培苗法,叶片再生法及浸腋芽法等)的比较研究表明：以4g／L浓度的秋水仙碱浸泡花药法加倍率最高达47．5％～75％,其次为叶片再生法(30％～36．67％)和浸苗法(16．67％～32．35％),而浸腋芽法较低(17．78％)。前两种方法加倍率虽高,但有较高畸形苗比率,叶片再生法工序较繁琐。作者认为烟草加倍单倍体产生,应以采用浸苗法为主。在使用秋水仙碱浸苗加倍时,添加DMSO可明显促进秋水仙碱的加倍效率,且促进作用随时间延长而提高：从高效、快捷和节约等原则考虑,我们开发了烟草有效的染色体加倍体系,以4g／L的秋水仙碱 20g／LDMSO溶液浸苗48h的效果最好。对两个组合烟草单倍体苗浸12h以上,其染色体加倍效率达到对照的2．30-2．93倍。本试验用较低浓度秋水仙碱添加DMSO有利于节约实验费用。通过完善染色体加倍技术程序已构建成2个DH群体,供基因定位研究。     

河西走廊凉州绿色农业示范区耕地土壤养分及栽培模式影响分析

位于甘肃河西走廊的凉州区是2006年4月经中国绿色食品协会批准、在西北干旱内陆地区建立的首批五十个国家重点绿色农业示范区之一,本研究以绿色农业理念为基础,通过大范围调查取样、测试分析,对绿色农业示范区内耕地土壤肥力状况进行综合分析评价,并对比分析了栽培模式对土壤质量的影响,设施栽培土壤有机质低于大田土壤,而全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾均高于大田,全盐量远远高出大田4倍。     

Enzymatic treatment on cotton fibers: degradation kinetics of pectin and influence of shape change on adsorption

Alkaline pectinase was one of the most effective enzymes to treat cotton as alternative agent to replace the conventional alkaline method. Removal of pectin and cutin was considered the explanation for improvement of wettability as well as water adsorption on cotton fiber. However, degradation kinetics of pectin is unclear, and the influence of fiber shape on property changes after enzymatic treatment was ignored. The main objective of this work was to reveal interactions between pectinase and cotton fiber for mechanism study. A heterogeneous catalysis kinetic equation, which is associated with Langmuir adsorption model and enzyme deactivation, was used to describe the heterogeneous catalysis. The enzymatic process conditions were optimized. Raw cotton fibers, pectinase-treated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized by impurities content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanism of water adsorption enhancement on treated fibers was discussed. In addition to elimination of the outer impurities, flat fibers with less twist and shape changes of lumen were also obtained to ensure better accessibility and water adsorption after enzymatic treatment.