膀胱无细胞基质在青紫蓝兔组织工程膀胱替代手术中的应用研究

研究膀胱无细胞基质（bladder acellular matrix graft,BAMG)在兔组织工程膀胱中的应用。按文献改进方法制作BAMG，从兔膀胱中分离出上皮细胞和平滑肌细胞，体外培养约4周，与无细胞基质材料复合成组织工程膀胱，对同一兔实施膀胱次全切术，用组织工程膀胱替代。术后进行膀胱造影，组织切片检查，提示组织工程膀胱功能良好。本方法获取的BAMG可用于兔的组织工程膀胱替代手术。     

Ovicidal activity of seven <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pochonia chlamydosporia</Emphasis> fungal isolates on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascaris suum</Emphasis> eggs

The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect) among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes.     

Effect of supplementation of Simada sheep with graded levels of concentrate meal on feed intake,digestibility and body-weight parameters

The experiment consisting of 7 days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trial was conducted at Wogda (Ethiopia) to determine the effect of supplementation of graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight (BW) change in hay-based feeding of Simada sheep. Twenty-yearling Simada sheep with a mean initial BW of 17.9 ± 0.81 kg (mean ± SD) were used in randomized complete block design arranged into five blocks of four animals. The four dietary treatments that consisted of hay alone (T1), hay +150 g dry matter (DM; T2, low), hay +250 g DM (T3, medium), and hay +350 g DM (T4, high) CM were randomly assigned to each sheep within a block. The CM consisted of wheat bran (WB), noug seed (Guizotia abyssinica) meal and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed meal at the ratio of (2:1:1), respectively. Supplementation with T2 and T3 increased (P < 0.001) total DM and organic matter intake than the control treatment. Overall, supplementation improved (P < 0.001) crude protein intake, digestibility, feed conversion efficiency, BW gain, and profitability compared to the control, whereas sheep on the high than the low and medium level of supplementation performed better in these parameters among the supplemented treatments. From the results of this study, T4 is recommended as the best level of supplementation since it resulted in better nutrient utilization, animal performance, and profitability.     

杂粕型饲粮添加杂粕酶对肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

本试验选择21日龄AA肉鸡360羽,研究在玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶对其生产性能和经济效益的影响.试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,共设3个处理,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮(正对照)、玉米-杂粕型饲粮(负对照)和玉米杂粕加杂柏酶饲粮(试验组),每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复40只.试验结果表明:饲粮中添加酶组比杂粕饲粮组日增重提高8.07%(P＜0.05),料肉比降低12.02%(P＜0.05),增重饲料成本降低了22.63%(P＜0.01);与豆粕型饲粮组相比,日增重、日采食量和料肉比差异不显著(P＞0.05),增重饲料成本显著降低(P＜0.05).说明在肉鸡玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶可以保持生产性能不变,降低生产成本,提高经济效益.     

基于无人机数字图像与高光谱数据融合的小麦全蚀病等级的快速分类技术

小麦全蚀病是检疫性的土传病害,对小麦生产危害极大,对其发生的监测是治理的根本。遥感技术可实时、宏观地监测病害发生发展,尤其是将光谱信息与高分辨率数字图像进行融合,可直观、精准地对病害识别和分类。本文基于计算机视觉技术,通过光谱数据与高分辨率数字图像结合的方法,对小麦全蚀病等级进行快速分类。首先,通过ASD非成像光谱仪获取小麦全蚀病的光谱信息,提取全蚀病特征光谱,建立光谱比。其次,利用无人机获取的实时田间数码图像,对其颜色特征进行重量化。最后,利用基于支持向量机的决策树分类对图像视场中的不同全蚀病等级进行分类。结果表明,4个全蚀病等级的分类精度均大于86%(Kappa0.81),平均运算时间小于30s。通过与实地调查的小麦全蚀病的白穗率等级做比对,验证分类结果的准确性,结果表明该方法基本可以实现对小麦全蚀病等级的实时监测。     

基层兽医机构防控非洲猪瘟效能评估与分析

为加强基层动物防疫体系建设,客观评估基层兽医机构防控非洲猪瘟能力和非洲猪瘟防控政策执行情况,组织开展了10个养猪大省的20个县基层兽医机构防控非洲猪瘟效能评估。结果显示：当前基层兽医机构具备防控非洲猪瘟的基本能力,但已不适应新时期动物疫病防控需要,部分关键能力存在不足;发生疫情县的防控能力普遍低于未发生疫情县,说明“人财物”资源配置好的地区防控非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病的能力较强;政策落实情况与兽医机构效能总体上呈正相关性,技术性政策落实情况明显优于资源性政策落实情况。此次效能评估工作引起了地方政府重视,切实发挥了评估“指挥棒”作用,为各地加强基层动物防疫体系建设发挥了示范带动作用。     

Effects of light quality on conidiophore formation of the melon powdery mildew pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Podosphaera xanthii</Emphasis>

The lengths of conidiophores in fungal colonies of the melon powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii Pollacci KMP-6 N cultured under greenhouse (natural) conditions differed markedly from those cultured in a growth chamber. We hypothesized that light wavelength was responsible for the differences in conidiophore length. In this study, we examined the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation (purple, blue, green, orange, and red light) and white light on colony development and conidiophore formation in KMP-6 N using a stereomicroscope and a high-fidelity digital microscope. Colonies on leaves were flat under greenhouse conditions and under red LED light irradiation but were stacked under growth chamber conditions and under purple, blue, green, and orange LED light irradiation. In addition, KMP-6 N formed catenated conidia comprising six conidia per conidiophore under greenhouse conditions and red light but more than seven conidia per conidiophore under growth chamber conditions and purple, blue, green, and orange light. Furthermore, almost none of the conidia on top of the conidiophores grown under blue light were fully constricted. Therefore, these fungi could not scatter their conidia and spread infection. This is the first report of the effects of LED lights on conidiophore formation in the melon powdery mildew fungus P. xanthii. The results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the responses of conidiophores to light of specific wavelengths and conidial scatter from conidiophores of melon powdery mildew fungi.     

戊唑醇分子印迹传感器制备及其农药残留检测的电学传感机理分析

以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,戊唑醇(tebuconazole,TEB)为模板分子,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,应用电化学聚合法制备了分子印迹电化学传感器(TEB-MIP/F-CNTs/GCE)。利用循环伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)和交流阻抗法(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS)对新型传感器进行了表征,并用差分脉冲伏安法(differential pulse voltammetry,DPV)考察了新型传感器对戊唑醇的检测性能。结果表明:戊唑醇分子印迹电化学传感器具有一定特异性;传感器表观表面积比裸电极显著提高;新型传感器具有良好的印迹效果,相较于其他结构类似的三唑类化合物(如苯醚甲环唑),TEB-MIP/F-CNTs/GCE对戊唑醇表现出高效的识别能力,具有专一性和强选择性,且在C_(TEB)≤2.0×10~(-6)mol/L范围内传感器峰电流与C_(TEB)存在定量关系;数据模拟分析得到传感器的电学阻抗谱等效电路模型为R_1(CPE_1(R_2(CPE_2(R_3)))),计算各电极/传感器的等效电路中各元件参数,证明该模型能有效地模拟传感器检测戊唑醇的传感机理。该研究结果可为三唑类农药残留仿生免疫检测方法的建立提供技术支撑。     

Establishment of an in vitro method for evaluating whitefly resistance in tomato

An accurate and simple evaluation method is crucial for identifying whitefly resistance in tomato breeding. We developed an in vitro method for evaluating resistance of tomato leaves and tested this on wild and cultivated tomato varieties. We found that young leaves observed for whitefly oviposition after 8 hours provided appropriate comparative conditions. This method effectively distinguished resistance among tomato cultivars and wild species and also demonstrated significant difference in oviposition rates among leaf positions on susceptible cultivars. The in vitro test was as precise as in vivo test using intact plants and had advantages over in vivo test, and can be used for evaluating resistance in large populations.