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751.
Couroucé A Corde R Valette JP Cassiat G Hodgson DR Rose RJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2000,159(1):57-63
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal treadmill slope for trotters to produce the same heart rate and blood lactate responses as on the track during a standardized exercise test. Nine 2-year-old French trotters performed exercise tests on a training track and on a treadmill set at an incline of 0, 2 or 4%. For all horses, track testing was performed on day 1 and then on the treadmill according to a Latin-square design. The track test utilized three steps each of 3 min at speeds of 470, 530, 590 m/min and the same speeds were used on the treadmill. Derived physiological variables such as the speed at a HR of 200 bpm (V(200)) and the speed inducing blood lactate concentrations of 4 mmol/L (V(4)) were calculated. There were significant differences for V(200)and V(4)(P<0.05) between the track and the treadmill data when the treadmill was set at inclines of 0 and 4%, but no significant differences with the treadmill set at a 2% incline. The optimal treadmill incline to reproduce similar responses to those on the track was determined by regression analysis, and was found to be 2.4% for the two most often utilized derived physiological variables, V(4)and V(200). 相似文献
752.
Food processing conditions may affect the extractability and molecular weight of β‐glucans and arabinoxylans in cereal products. This can dramatically affect the functional and physiological properties of the final products. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the effects of jet cooking on the content, extractability, and molecular weights of these polymers in barley flour from a high β‐glucan, waxy barley genotype, Prowashonupana. Barley flours were jet cooked without pH adjustment or after adjusting to pH 7, 9, or 11. Jet cooking without pH adjustment increased the extractability of β‐glucans from 15.4 to 38.0% when extracted with water at 30°C. As pH during jet cooking increased, the extractability further increased to 63.5% at pH 11. Arabinoxylan extractability was only substantially affected when the pH of jet cooking was alkaline (extractability increased from 11.4 to 48.5% when jet cooked at pH 11). Jet cooking without pH adjustment resulted in slight increases in peak molecular weights for both polymers (β‐glucan increased from 420,000 to 443,000; arabinoxylan increased from 119,000 to 125,000); higher pH values during jet cooking resulted in minor decrease in molecular weights. 相似文献
753.
Muir JG Shepherd SJ Rosella O Rose R Barrett JS Gibson PR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(16):6619-6627
Fructans are not digested in the small intestines of humans. While many health benefits have been attributed to these carbohydrates, they can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in some individuals. We measured the total fructans in 60 vegetables and 43 fruits using the Megazyme fructan assay. Vegetables with the highest quantity of fructans included garlic, artichoke, shallots, leek bulb, and onions (range, 1.2-17.4 g/100 g fw). Fruits with low, but detectable, fructans included longon, white peach, persimmon, and melon (range, 0.21-0.46 g/100 g fw). The fructan assay was modified to provide an estimate of the average chain length (degree of polymerization) for high fructan vegetables. d-Fructose can also be malabsorbed in the small intestine of humans, so the d-fructose content in some foods was measured to supplement the current food tables. Research in this area will be facilitated through the availability of more comprehensive food composition data. 相似文献
754.
Fablet C Dorenlor V Eono F Eveno E Jolly JP Portier F Bidan F Madec F Rose N 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(3-4):271-280
A cross-sectional study involving 143 farrow-to-finish herds was carried out to identify herd-level noninfectious factors associated with pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughter pigs. Data related to herd characteristics, biosecurity, management and housing conditions were collected by questionnaire during a farm visit. Climatic conditions were measured over 20 h in the post-weaning and finishing rooms where the slaughter pigs were kept. After these on-farm investigations, the finishing pigs were examined at slaughter for lung lesions. A sample of 30 randomly selected pigs per herd was scored for pneumonia and pleuritis. Herds were grouped into three categories according to their pneumonia median score (class 1: ≤ 0.5; class 2: 0.53.75). For pleuritis, a herd was deemed affected if at least one pig had a high pleuritis score (≥ 3). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with pneumonia classes 2 and 3. A logistic regression for binary outcome was used to identify risk factors for severe pleuritis. An interval of less than four weeks between successive batches (OR=4.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.5-13.6, p<0.01), large finishing room size (OR=4.3, 95% CI: 1.6-11.6, p<0.01) and high mean CO(2) concentration in the finishing room (OR=4.2, 95%CI: 1.6-11.3, p<0.01), significantly increased the odds for a herd to be in class 2 for pneumonia. The same risk factors were found for class 3 and, in addition, a direct fresh air inlet from outside or from the corridor in the post-weaning room vs an appropriate ceiling above the pigs (OR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.4-18.8, p=0.01). The risk for a herd to have at least one pig with a high pleuritis score was increased when the farrowing facilities were not disinsected (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8, p=0.01), when tail docking was performed later than 1.5 days after birth (OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.7, p=0.01) and if the piglets were castrated when more than 14 days old (OR=2.7, 95%CI: 1.1-6.8, p=0.03). A temperature range of less than 5°C for the ventilation control rate in the farrowing room (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-5.9, p=0.01), a mean temperature in the finishing room below 23°C (OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-6.8, p<0.01) and large herd size (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.4-6.9, p<0.01) were also associated with increased risk of pleuritis. The factors affecting pneumonia and pleuritis seemed to be different. All rearing steps from farrowing to finishing must be taken into account in any health programme aimed at controlling pneumonia and pleuritis and lung health may be improved through several pathways, i.e. correcting managerial and hygienic factors, implementing an appropriate and well-functioning ventilation in order to offer favorable climatic conditions. 相似文献
755.
Rioja Rose Angeli Palomar-Abesamis Nadia Juinio-Meñez Marie Antonette 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(2):1087-1088
Aquaculture International - 相似文献
756.
da Silva Reginaldo Barboza Iori Piero Tavares Rose Luiza Moraes de Souza Zigomar Menezes de Lima Camila Cassante de Melo Silva Francisca Alcivânia de Souza Bento Marília 《Precision Agriculture》2022,23(3):984-1007
Precision Agriculture - Changes in land use in riverside ecosystems added to the flood and ebb regimes of rivers modify the spatial variability of the physical–mechanical attributes of soil,... 相似文献