Photo-thermal conversion and thermal insulation properties of ZrC coated polyester fabric

Zirconium carbide (ZrC) films are deposited onto polyester fabric through magnetron sputtering. The deposited films are then examined by using field scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The photothermal conversion property, film thickness, infrared reflectance and transmittance, and thermal conductivity are also evaluated. The results show that the highest far-infrared emissivity of polyester fabric deposited with ZrC is 0.9379. The ZrC deposited samples showed a small increase in thermal conductivity with a difference of 0.0611W/m·K, and a higher photothermal conversion efficiency with a temperature increase of 27.5 °C in 100 s, when the thickness of the ZrC film is 1920 nm. These therefore indicate that coating fabrics with ZrC through magnetron sputtering is an environmentally friendly means to produce textiles with photo-thermal conversion and heat insulation properties.     

黄土丘陵区黑穗醋栗引种试验报告

对从国内牙引进的１５个黑穗醋栗品种，进行生物学特性和生态适应性，经济效益等观察与分析，初步得出品种中牡丹８０－１－１和薄皮表现最好。其单株产量分别为０．３６ｋｇ和０．３０ｋｇ，每公顷产量为６３００ｋｇ，果实出汁率为７５％。根系呈网状结构，保水固土能力强。     

我国东北藓类新记录属—舌叶藓属

本文报道了我国东北地区藓类植物一个新纪录属——舌叶藓属Scopelophila(Mitt.)Lindb.及其2个种:舌叶藓S.ligulata(Spruce)Spruce和剑叶舌叶藓S.cataractae(Mitt.)Broth.。     

Adhesion and durability of Cu film on polyester fabric prepared by finishing treatment with polyester-polyurethane and aqueous acrylate

To improve adhesion and wear durability at the interface between copper (Cu) film and polyester fabric, the Cu-coated polyester fabric was treated by two commercial solutions of polyester-polyurethane (PP) and aqueous acrylate (AC) as finishing process respectively. Both finishing agents with 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %, 35 % and 40 % concentrations were coated on the Cu-coated fabrics by a padding method in this study. The surface morphologies of the coated polyester fabric before and after finishing were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adhesion of Cu-coated film before and after the finishing treatments was measured with scotch tape method; the durability was evaluated by colorfastness to washing, crocking and perspiration. Additionally, Ultraviolet (UV) shielding, water repellency and CIE L*a*b of the Cu-coated polyester fabric before and after the finishing treatments were determined. The Cu-coated polyester fabric has a high adhesion property of the 5 level, colorfastness to washing, wet crocking and perspiration of the Cu-coated fabric were obviously enhanced to level 5, level 4-5 and level 3-4. Meanwhile, The Cu-coated polyester fabric kept an excellent UV protection with UPF value over 68 after finishing treatment with PP and AC. The results demonstrate the finishing treatment with the PP presented effectively in durability performance than the AC for the Cu-coated polyester fabric.     

气象科技服务发展的问题与探讨

本文主要探讨如何加强气象科技服务的工作,文章对气象科技的发展中存在的问题与机遇进行剖析,探索相应的措施,以进一步提升气象科技服务的技术含量和服务水平。     

浦江县蔬菜产业机械化现状及机械装备需求

为提高浙江省浦江县蔬菜产业发展水平,在分析浦江县蔬菜产业和蔬菜机械化生产现状的基础上,对该县蔬菜生产各个环节所需的机械装备与技术进行了预测分析。      

旱地土壤中残留肥料氮的动向及作物有效性

氮素是作物生长最重要的必需元素之一。合理施用氮肥能促进作物生长并提高产量,但是,过多施用氮肥则抑制作物生长并导致大量的肥料氮残留在土壤中,这部分氮素不但会引起土壤养分不平衡,而且为生态环境带来潜在威胁,因此,研究残留氮的动向及作物有效性可为合理施用化肥氮、高效利用土壤残留氮素和减少残留氮素的损失提供依据。应用~(15)N示踪技术,通过4年定位试验,研究了黄土高原南部旱地冬小麦/夏玉米轮作过程中土壤残留肥料氮的变化及作物吸收利用。在冬小麦和夏玉米轮作的第一个周期,为了制造高肥料氮残留背景,于冬小麦播种前向微区施入240 kg hm~(-2)的~(15)N标记氮素;在夏玉米拔节期,为了研究氮肥施入对残留肥料氮的影响,设置0和120 kg hm~(-2)两个氮水平,以普通尿素施入微区。在第2至第4个轮作周期内,为了分析残留肥料氮的动向及其对作物的有效性,微区内不施任何肥料。结果发现,冬小麦播种前施用的~(15)N标记氮肥于收获期在0~200 cm土壤剖面中均有残留,但大部分累积在0~40 cm土层中,累积总量达到200.9 kg hm~(-2),占当季施入量的83.7%。在随后的夏玉米生长季残留的肥料氮迅速减少,之后随生长季的后移缓慢减少,然后保持相对稳定。经过4年的冬小麦/夏玉米轮作,0~300 cm土壤剖面仍残留大量的~(15)N肥料,后季不追施氮肥和追施氮肥处理的残留量分别为47.1 kg hm~(-2)和54.0 kg hm~(-2)。可见,有一部分肥料氮被固定在土壤有机质中。作物对残留氮的回收量逐年减少,且因后季追施氮肥与否而异,4年中作物对肥料氮的总利用率不追施氮肥和追施氮肥处理的分别为46.9%和50.4%,其中在第1个轮作周期中,小麦和玉米的总利用率分别41.6%和42.0%,后3年利用率分别仅有5.3%和8.4%;4年中残留~(15)N的损失率分别达38.1%和29.7%,其损失主要发生在第1个轮作周期的夏玉米生长季节。说明,在旱地土壤上,氮肥的残留是不可避免的,残留肥料氮的有效性较低,只有少量被作物逐年吸收,一部分以有机形态残留在土壤剖面中,另一部分发生了无效损失。后季追施氮肥可促进作物对土壤残留肥料氮的吸收且增加肥料氮在土壤中的保留,减少残留肥料氮的无效损失,但是以自身的大量损失为代价的。     

新农村建设下的食品安全

新农村建设是中国农村建设进入的一个崭新阶段,建设社会主义新农村首先要解决好食品安全问题。农村是食品安全的重点,农民是最大的消费群体,又是最容易受到伤害的弱势群体,因此,做好农村食品安全工作,提高广大农民的生活质量是建设社会主义新农村的关键。本文对目前我国农村食品安全的现状、各省市对农村食品安全所采取的措施及存在的问题进行了分析,进而提出了解决我国农村食品安全问题的对策建议。     

有机酸盐在青贮乳酸发酵中的抑菌效果研究

采用正交法测定了4种有机酸盐不同复配比分别对青贮饲料发酵时3种常见有害菌的抑制作用。结果表明,脱氢醋酸钠浓度为0.03%,山梨酸钾浓度为0.06%,双乙酸钠浓度为0.12%,苯甲酸钠浓度为0.12%的复配组合对大肠杆菌生长的抑制效果最好;脱氢醋酸钠浓度为0.12%,山梨酸钾浓度为0.03%,双乙酸钠浓度为0.06%,苯甲酸钠浓度为0.06%的复配组合对青霉菌生长的抑制效果最好;脱氢醋酸钠浓度为0.06%,山梨酸钾浓度为0.03%,双乙酸钠浓度为0.12%的复配组合对酵母菌的生长的抑制效果最好。