Survey on the contamination of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the soil of public parks of Wuhan, China

Toxoplasma gondii of warm-blooded animals and humans is an important pathogenic agent throughout the world. Soil is increasingly recognized as an important source in the transmission of Toxoplasma. To attain the contamination status of T. gondii in the soil of public parks, a total of 252 soil samples were collected from September 2009 to August 2010 at different sites located in 6 public parks of Wuhan, Hubei, China and detected by PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The detection limit of PCR/B1, PCR/529 and LAMP was determined to be 50, 5, and 5 tachyzoites in soil, respectively. Forty-one samples were found positive for Toxoplasma DNA by PCR on both genes, whereas LAMP products were generated in 58 samples (χ(2)=3.6328, P=0.0567). All parks were found contaminated and no significant difference was found among the parks (PCR: χ(2)=0.0072, P=0.9325; LAMP: χ(2)=0.6101, P=0.4347). However, contamination was found with significantly different among the four seasons (PCR: χ(2)=11.6066, P=0.0007; LAMP: χ(2)=12.4636, P=0.0004), with a gradual decrease in the prevalence from spring to winter on both analyses. This is the first investigation on soil contamination of public parks in China by T. gondii oocysts. The results indicate that the soil of public parks contaminated with T. gondii oocysts may play a role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and effective preventive measures should be considered. Moreover, the conventional PCR and LAMP used in the present study are applicable to detect T. gondii oocysts in soil samples.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒双基因多组合DNA疫苗的构建

本实验根据PRRSV结构蛋白的特性和IFNγ及IL-2这两种细胞因子的特性,构建表达PRRSVGP4-GP5、GP5-M、GP5-N、GP5-IFNγ、GP5-IL-2、N-IFNγ、N-IL-2的重组质粒。这些重组质粒在真核细胞中得到了表达。用这些真核表达质粒可以免疫小猪,通过检测其对猪体免疫应答的诱导能力和接种后动物对PRRSV的抵抗力来对基因疫苗的效能进行研究,以期筛选到有效的基因疫苗并为今后进一步的研究提供思路和理论基础。     

精准扶贫背景下对农业产业扶贫模式的研究

本研究将高作镇作为实征对象,充分围绕高作镇实际情况,提出几点农业产业扶贫模 式,并总结了高作镇农业产业扶贫的成果,旨在希望通过本研究发挥抛砖引玉的作用。     

供港活猪4种疫病抗体水平监测及免疫效果分析

为掌握广东惠州地区供港活猪主要疫病的免疫状况,我们对供港活猪主要疫病抗体水平作了一次跟踪监测,并对免疫效果进行了分析.2012-2014年,分5次共采取了900头供港猪血清,采用ELISA方法对猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征、伪狂犬病、0型口蹄疫的抗体水平进行检测.结果显示,猪瘟抗体免疫合格率在68.9％ ～78.3％之间,口蹄疫在67.2％～82.8％之间,免疫效果不理想;猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征抗体免疫合格率在73.9％～ 92.8％之间,伪狂犬病在86.7％ ～ 93.9％之间,免疫效果较理想.     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

Construction of a microarray specific to the chicken immune system: profiling gene expression in B cells after lipopolysaccharide stimulation

The objective of this study was to profile gene expression in cells of the chicken immune system. A low-density immune-specific microarray was constructed that contained genes with known functions in the chicken immune system, in addition to chicken-expressed sequence tags (ESTs) homologous with mammalian immune system genes, which were systematically characterized by bioinformatic analyses. Genes and ESTs that met the annotation criteria were amplified and placed on a microarray. The microarray contained 84 immune system gene elements. As a means of calibration, the microarray was then used to examine gene expression in chicken B cells after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Differential gene expression was observed at 6, 12, and 24 h but not at 48 h after stimulation. The results were validated by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. The microarray showed a high degree of reproducibility, as demonstrated by intra- and interassay correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.95, respectively. Thus, the low-density microarray developed in this study may be used as a tool for monitoring gene expression in the chicken immune system.     

Neurospora crassa对三唑醇的抗药性分子机制研究

 通过紫外光诱变获得Neurospora crassa对三唑醇杀菌剂抗性突变体"Nc70"。用2.5μg/ml三唑醇处理,突变体内甲基甾醇与脱甲基甾醇比例变化幅度远远小于亲本敏感菌株"STA"。突变体对三唑醇的吸收能力与敏感菌株相似,但药剂在体细胞内积累较少。三唑醇处理N.crassa 2 h后,药剂在菌体内的含量趋向稳定,突变体内的药量较敏感菌体低56.1%,而麦角甾醇合成量则高于敏感菌株53.7%。     

Assessment of the impact of resistant and susceptible canola on Plasmodiophora brassicae inoculum potential

The impact on clubroot severity of growing susceptible canola or mixtures of resistant and susceptible canola genotypes was examined. Bioassays revealed greater clubroot severity and incidence, and reduced plant height, where 100% of a susceptible cultivar had been grown. A higher proportion of susceptible plants within a resistant canola crop increased root hair and secondary infections. Regression analysis of root hair infection and the amount of Plasmodiophora brassicae DNA (as determined by quantitative PCR) revealed strong linear relationships between the two parameters. The linear relationships between root hair infection and P. brassicae DNA were stronger for the resistant cultivar than for the susceptible cultivar when regression analysis was conducted by cultivar over the sampling dates. In conclusion, the cropping of a resistant cultivar reduced clubroot severity, while the presence of susceptible volunteer canola increased inoculum potential. Quantitative PCR was a reliable tool for the quantification of root hair infection.     

四川省凉山黑绵羊疫病防控现状及对策

凉山黑绵羊是我国十大优异畜禽遗传资源之一。通过问卷调查、实地调研和查阅资料等方式,发现近年来凉山黑绵羊产业得到了前所未有的发展,但疫病防控也面临着羊病流行情况复杂、免疫效果不佳、疫病监测预警能力弱等诸多短板,由此提出提高疫病综合防控能力和养殖户疫病防控意识,优化科学合理的免疫程序,加强监测预警能力建设,科学防治寄生虫病等防控策略,旨在提升凉山黑绵羊产业疫病防控能力,助力乡村振兴,保障国家核心畜禽种源安全。     

GA1-2菌株的分离鉴定及其对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果

为了从土壤中分离筛选对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌具有良好拮抗作用的放线菌,采用平板稀释涂布法从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤中进行放线菌分离,并采用平板对峙法和孢子萌发法进行筛选,通过形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA序列分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤筛选获得一株对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4(FOC4)菌丝和孢子萌发都有很强抑制作用的菌株GA1-2,对FOC4菌丝和孢子萌发抑制率分别为36.34%和94.81%。菌株GA1-2与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌Streptoverticillium lavenduligriseum的亲缘关系最近,相似率达99.85%,且其形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征也与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌基本相符,因此将菌株GA1-2初步鉴定为薰衣草灰链轮丝菌。