配方施肥对泡桐林生长及土壤质量的影响

以3年生泡桐林为研究对象,探讨不同施肥配方对泡桐林生长及土壤质量的影响。结果表明：配方Ⅲ（每株试验木施肥量：0．3kg尿素＋0．18kg纯N＋0．5kg钙镁磷＋0．07kg纯P＋0．25kg氯化钾＋0．19kg纯K）为最佳施肥配方。经过配方Ⅲ处理过的泡桐林地,土壤有机质和速效氮、磷、钾含量均显著提高;根际土壤微生物数量明显增多;泡桐林的生长量也得到较大的增长。     

四种水生植物在污水胁迫下的生理生化特性研究

选取4种水生植物水葱、芦苇、微齿眼予菜、金鱼藻为试验材料,对初始水质TN浓度为16．20±0．41mg·L^-1,TP浓度为1．18±0．01mg·L^-1。的生活污水处理,分别在处理第30、60、90、120d时测定了其丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,研究了4种水生植物在污水胁迫下的生理生化特性。实验表明：植物在受到污水胁迫时通过调节渗透,抑制质膜过氧化以适应污水环境,但不同植物的生理生化特性存在差异。其中,水葱和芦苇在受到污水胁迫后游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量迅速上升,有效抑制质膜过氧化,耐污染能力优于试验中的两种沉水植物微齿眼子菜和金鱼藻。     

小麦条锈菌夏孢子保存时间及存活力评价

为在RNA水平上快速检测小麦条锈菌夏孢子的存活力和致病性,选取-20℃下保存1年和10年的菌株,检测小麦条锈菌夏孢子RNA产量和完整性,并通过室内人工接种实验鉴定其致病性。结果表明,RNA产量高于600 ng·mg^-1的夏孢子具有致病性,低于600 ng·mg^-1的夏孢子均已丧失致病性;RNA完整性好的菌株,其存活力高,潜育期和致病性与新鲜夏孢子基本一致,RNA完整性差的菌株存活力低,潜育期延长,致病性弱;RNA严重降解的菌株存活率极低或失活,完全丧失致病性。因此,通过检测小麦条锈菌夏孢子RNA的产量和完整性可以评估其存活力和致病性。     

不同施氮量对烤烟生长与生理生化特性的影响

2012年,以常规施肥为对照,研究了不同施氮水平对云烟87生育期、农艺性状和生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：烤烟生育期以施纯氮135 kg/hm^2处理最长,施纯氮75 kg/hm^2处理最短,大田生育期随施氮量的增加而延长;施纯氮135 kg/hm^2处理烤烟的有效叶数、茎围、茎高、最大叶长、最大叶宽均优于其他处理;以施纯氮105kg/hm^2处理烟叶协调性较好。此外,色素、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、NR活力、SOD活力等生理生化指标,都随着施氮量的增加而增加。     

Black rice anthocyanidins prevent retinal photochemical damage via involvement of the AP-1/NF-κB/Caspase-1 pathway in Sprague-Dawley Rats

The effects of black rice anthocyanidins (BRACs) on retinal damage induced by photochemical stress are not well known. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93M for 1 week, after which 80 rats were randomly divided into two groups and treated with (n = 40) or without BRACs (n = 40) for 15 days, respectively. After treatment, both groups were exposed to fluorescent light (3,000 ± 200 lux; 25℃), and the protective effect of dietary BRACs were evaluated afterwards. Our results showed that dietary BRACs effectively prevented retinal photochemical damage and inhibited the retinal cells apoptosis induced by fluorescent light (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary BRACs inhibited expression of AP-1 (c-fos/c-jun subunits), up-regulated NF-κB (p65) expression and phosphorylation of IκB-α, and decreased Caspase-1 expression (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BRACs improve retinal damage produced by photochemical stress in rats via AP-1/NF-κB/Caspase-1 apoptotic mechanisms.     

利用味精废水固态发酵饲料酵母对非蛋白氮转化能力的研究

试验以产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)为出发菌株,味精废水、玉米粉和麸皮为底物,固态发酵生产饲料酵母。通过感官性状、活菌数、水溶性蛋白、小肽及氨基酸的测定来评价不同味精废水添加量对固态发酵的影响。结果表明:味精废水添加10%时,发酵效果最佳。发酵后活菌数达8.02logCFU/g;水溶性蛋白和小肽含量分别为7.99%和5.42%;游离氨基酸含量为17.82%,较不添加味精废水组及添加20%组分别高出1.26和0.9个百分点(P<0.05)。味精废水作为廉价的非蛋白氮原料,可用于产朊假丝酵母固态发酵的生产中,具有很好的经济效益和开发潜力。     

应用于兽用疫苗研发的病毒载体研究进展

对应用于兽用疫苗研发的病毒载体,包括痘病毒载体、疱疹病毒载体、腺病毒载体、杆状病毒载体、副粘病毒载体、弹状病毒载体、甲病毒载体、冠状病毒载体、反转录病毒载体、黄病毒载体等DNA和RNA病毒载体的研究进展进行了综述,以期为我国基因工程活载体疫苗研发工作提供参考.     

The stimulatory effect of TLRs ligands on maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands combine with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the DC surface and induce DC maturation. The potential effect of three types of TLR ligands (Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) on chicken bone marrow-derived DCs (chBM-DCs) maturation was studied. The chBM-DCs cultured in presence of recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 displayed the typical morphology of DCs after 7 days of culture. These immature chBM-DCs up-regulated the expression of MHC-II and of the putative CD11c, but had yet low to moderate levels of the CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. After stimulation by the TLR ligands, the chBM-DCs displayed a more mature morphologic phenotype, significantly increased the CD40 and CD86 cell surface expression levels and gained the ability to stimulate proliferation of naive T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, compared to the immature chBM-DCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that all three TLR ligands were strong stimuli for driving chBM-DCs maturation in vitro, with B. subtilis spores being the most efficient.     

Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. NS3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the BVDV viral proteins. To identify the potential B-cell linear antigenic epitopes within BVDV NS3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of Western-blot. We found (₁VCKKITEHERCHVNI₁₅), (₂₀AFFGVMPRGTTPRAPVR₃₆), (₄₆RRGLETGWAYTHQGGI₆₁), (₂₈₁EGDMATGITYASYGYFC₂₉₇), (₄₂₆YSGEDPANLRVVTSQSPYVVVATNAIESGV₄₅₅) and (₄₈₁FIVTGLKRMAVTVGEQA₄₉₇) can be recognized by the BVDV infected bovine serum. These proteins have been confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The results of this study might open new perspectives on the structure and antibody–antigen reaction of the non-structural proteins and may aid in the clinical application as well.     

疼痛应激对畜禽的影响及对策

疼痛是由伤害性刺激引起的一种常见应激反应,已成为影响动物生产繁殖性能和畜产品品质的重要因素之一。文章综述疼痛应激的神经内分泌调节机制及其对动物生理机能和行为的影响,并提出针对性的应对措施,为预防和减少动物疼痛提供理论依据,对改善动物福利具有重要的现实意义。