对地方标准法律属性的探讨

研究地方标准的法律属性将有利于地方标准的发展和转型。从地方标准的法制性及法律规制属性两个方面来阐述地方标准的法律属性,从而进一步完善地方标准理论,促进地方标准的发展。     

太姥山风景名胜区森林生态系统可持续发展对策

详细阐述了太姥山地理位置、地形地貌、气象、水文、森林资源分布、野生动植物资源等概况。根据适地适树、因地制宜、生物多样性保护、应用生态学原理、景观配置等森林生态系统建设原则,对太姥山森林生态系统的建设提出保护与抚育改造等措施,并从生物多样性、生态系统生产力、土壤与水资源保护、森林生态系统健康与活力、森林生态系统发挥社会经济效用的能力等方面论述了太姥山森林生态可持续发展,为太姥山生态旅游资源的进一步开发利用、科学研究提供依据。     

苗木施肥生理基础及优化施肥的研究

试验研究了定县白杨、毛白杨、小黑杨、香椿、花椒、黑枣等“三北”防护林地区常用造林树种苗木施肥生理及生长变化。合理施肥处理，明显提高叶绿素ａ含量，速生期净同化率是对照处理的２．６６倍。试验确定了不同苗木的适宜肥料用量和配比。施肥适宜比对照处理，合格苗产量增加９５％～２３７％。     

APPROACHES DETERMINING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF A NATURAL SECONDARY WHITE BIRCH FOREST

Concernedintl1eresearchonforestevapotranspiration(ET)-thereweren1an}:resultsaboutn1easure111ent-detern1iningmethods-andexperimentalandmathematical111ode1sbefore.Duringl92o's,RussianlIRaIIoBandGermanHubenrespecti\!cl};proposedtheFieldInstantWeighing111ethod'inwhichthebranchesortxvigsofplantsxverecutdownandweighed.Duringl93O's'JapaneseYrefdetlt[15usedakindofevaporatingapparatusn1adeofpapertosimulatethetranspirationofleaves.Duringl95o's,waterbalanceandheatbalancemethodstvereextensivelyusedb…     

抚育间伐对马尾松生物生产力的影响

对20年生马尾松人工林生物量的研究表明,全林生物量38.42吨/公顷,间伐后年生产量6.49吨/公顷林木根量5.73吨/公顷,相对生长率19.0％,净同化率0.253公斤/米~2·年,生产力水平偏低。林分抚育间伐后,林木的生物生产力得到提高。建立了林木各器官干重与直径树高的8个相关方程,相关系数均在0.92以上。通过叶面积及其生长函数分析,林分密度过高,生长速率降低,建议及时合理地调节林分密度。     

Anatomical variations in wood among four native species of Leguminosae grown in arid areas of China

Morphological features and anatomical variations are described and illustrated in detail for four native species of Legumi-nosae grown in arid sandy regions in China, which are Hedysarum scoparium Fisch.et Mey., Caragana korshiskii Kom., Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim. ex Kom.) Cheng f. All species showed similar morphological features: distinct growth ring boundaries, ring to semi-ring-porosity, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pitting, nonseptate fibers, para...     

枣粮间作密度初探

枣粮间作是广大劳动人民的创举,是提高土地资源利用率,增加单位面积产量、提高产值的有效途径.为探讨枣粮间作中枣树栽植的合理密度,遵循"枣粮并重"的原则,从1999年6月开始,在枣粮间作集中分布区,实际调查了不同枣树密度下粮、枣产量及产值,并运用数学分析的方法,模拟出枣粮间作的最佳理论密度.     

Pyrolytic characteristics of burning residue of fire-retardant wood

In order to investigate the pyrolytic characteristics of the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, a multifunctional fire-resistance test oven aimed at simulating the course of a fire was used to burn fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. Samples at different distances from the combustion surface were obtained and a thermogravimetric analysis (TG) was applied to test the prrolytic process of the burning residue in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The results showed that: 1) there was little difference between fire-retardant wood and its residue in the initial temperature of thermal degradation. The initial temperature of thermal degradation of the combustion layer in untreated wood was higher than that in the no burning wood sample; 2) the temperature of the flame retardant in fire-retardant wood was 200°C in the differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The peak belonging to the flame retardant tended to dissipate during the time of burning; 3) for the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, the peak belonging to hemicellulose near 230°C in the DTG disappeared and there was a gentle shoulder from 210 to 240°C; 4) the temperature of the main peaks of the fire-retardant wood and its burning residue in DTG was 100°C lower than that of the untreated wood and its burning residue. The rate of weight loss also decreased sharply; 5) the residual weight of fire-retardant wood at 600°C clearly increased compared with that of untreated wood. Residual weight of the burning residue increased markedly as the heating temperature increased when burning; 6) there was a considerable difference with respect to the thermal degradation temperature of the no burning sample and the burning residue between fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 133–138 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

棕榈藤材缺陷和分级

文中论述了棕榈藤各种藤材存在的主要缺陷，并计论了藤材的分级标准和工业用藤的规范。棕榈藤材的缺陷包括基因缺陷、环境缺陷、生物缺陷和机械缺陷等。棕榈藤材的定级基于不同阶段，分级的基本依据是藤茎直径、长度、颜色、硬度、缺陷、节间长度以及直径全长均匀性等。工业用藤的规范涉及：表观特性、物理力学特性、机械加工特性和涂饰性等。统一的缺陷术语、贸易名称和标准规范是良好贸易的基准。     

论"天人合一"与林业可持续发展

在全球环境生态危机不断威胁人类生存的今天 ,人们在重新审视历史时发现 ,中国传统文化对人与自然的认识含有丰富的辩证哲理。与西方追求利益最大化的林业管理理念不同 ,中国古代的林业经营管理思想 ,是以“天人合一”思想为指导 ,实现经济、社会和环境的和谐可持续发展的“生生之道”。随着现代化建设与社会的进步 ,我国面临日益严峻的人口、资源、环境、粮食、能源等诸多问题 ,愈来愈倚赖于林业的可持续发展。可持续发展已成为维系人类生存的途径 ,对古代这一宝贵思想进行回顾与分析 ,可为当代林业的可持续发展提供有力的借鉴。