Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in China using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling

Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis are highly destructive and major biosecurity/quarantine pests of fruit and vegetable in the tropical and subtropical regions in the South Pacific and Australia. Although these pests have not established in China, precautions must be taken due to their highly destructive nature. Thus, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis across the world and in particular China by ecological niche modeling of the Maximum Entropy(Max Ent) model with the occurrence records of these two species. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. neohumeralis exhibit similar potential geographic distribution ranges across the world and in China, and each species was predicted to be able to distribute to over 20% of the globe. Globally, the potential geographic distribution ranges for these two fruit fly species included southern Asia, the central and the southeast coast of Africa, southern North America, northern and central South America, and Australia. While within China, most of the southern Yangtze River area was found suitable for these species. Notably, southern China was considered to have the highest risk of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis invasions. Our study identifies the regions at high risk for potential establishment of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis in the world and in particular China, and informs the development of inspection and biosecurity/quarantine measures to prevent and control their invasions.     

Deep neural network algorithm for estimating maize biomass based on simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and leaf area index

Accurate estimation of biomass is necessary for evaluating crop growth and predicting crop yield.Biomass is also a key trait in increasing grain yield by crop breeding.The aims of this study were(i)to identify the best vegetation indices for estimating maize biomass,(ii)to investigate the relationship between biomass and leaf area index(LAI)at several growth stages,and(iii)to evaluate a biomass model using measured vegetation indices or simulated vegetation indices of Sentinel 2A and LAI using a deep neural network(DNN)algorithm.The results showed that biomass was associated with all vegetation indices.The three-band water index(TBWI)was the best vegetation index for estimating biomass and the corresponding R2,RMSE,and RRMSE were 0.76,2.84 t ha−1,and 38.22%respectively.LAI was highly correlated with biomass(R2=0.89,RMSE=2.27 t ha−1,and RRMSE=30.55%).Estimated biomass based on 15 hyperspectral vegetation indices was in a high agreement with measured biomass using the DNN algorithm(R2=0.83,RMSE=1.96 t ha−1,and RRMSE=26.43%).Biomass estimation accuracy was further increased when LAI was combined with the 15 vegetation indices(R2=0.91,RMSE=1.49 t ha−1,and RRMSE=20.05%).Relationships between the hyperspectral vegetation indices and biomass differed from relationships between simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and biomass.Biomass estimation from the hyperspectral vegetation indices was more accurate than that from the simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices(R2=0.87,RMSE=1.84 t ha−1,and RRMSE=24.76%).The DNN algorithm was effective in improving the estimation accuracy of biomass.It provides a guideline for estimating biomass of maize using remote sensing technology and the DNN algorithm in this region.     

棉铃虫棉田自然种群变化动态及对天敌观察研究初报

棉铃虫在上世纪80~90年代,在我国多个老棉区严重发生或大暴发,致使棉花生产造成了严重损失。而后棉区迁移至新疆,加上抗虫棉的推广、综合治理措施的落实,有效遏制了棉铃虫的猖獗发生。近几年,在冀南多种作物上又有抬头,并有逐年加重的趋势,为对棉铃虫发生规律研究提出了新课题。     

接骨木无性系苗期干旱胁迫响应及抗旱性综合评价

为揭示不同种接骨木无性系的抗旱性,探讨其对干旱环境的适应能力,为干旱瘠薄山地造林提供材料。采用盆栽法进行自然干旱胁迫试验,运用主成分分析对不同处理下各无性系生理指标进行综合评价。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,无性系PT-1的生物量增量最大,PT-2的根冠比最大。在干旱胁迫逐增情况下,细胞膜透性逐增,当干旱达到中、重度时,无性系PT-1和PT-2的细胞膜透性最小。叶绿素含量及超氧化物岐化酶活性均随干旱程度增加呈先增后降趋势。随干旱胁迫增加可溶性糖和脯氨酸均随之增大。在重度干旱胁迫下,无性系PT-1的可溶性糖含量最大。主成分分析得出,各无性系抗旱能力由强到弱为：XY-2、JY-1、XY-1、XY-3、PT-1、PT-3、PT-2。其中,XY-2、JY-1具有较强抗旱性,可初步作为抗旱材料进行后续研究。     

基于用户参与的科研院所机构知识库建设模式研究

文章以用户参与为理论基础,以融入科研管理为实践目标,创新性地提出一种适合科研院所的机构知识库建设模式,并以江苏省农业科学院为例进行了实证研究,该模式兼具传统机构知识库功能,又能体现科研机构特色、解决科研机构成果管理问题.在此基础上,还分析明确了适用于科研院所成果管理和共享的数据审核流程、元数据标准规范、功能模块、系统架构、管理运行机制等.     

贵州省农机专业合作社现状及发展建议

近年来,随着《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》的颁布和农机购置补贴力度的不断加大,贵州省农机专业合作社得到了较快发展。现有的农机专业合作社较好地解决了农机规模化作业与小农户分散经营的矛盾,有利于资源的合理配置和减轻农户劳动强度,解放了大量的农村劳动力,有效地增加了农民的收入。为此,通过对贵州省农机专业合作社的基本情况、发展特点、在农业生产中所发挥的作用及存在的问题等方面进行了较为广泛与深入的阐述,提出贵州省农机专业合作社建设中的若干建议,供相关部门参考。     

昆明地区主要林木病害研究——五种林木病害的新寄主和新分布

本文作者在昆明地区林木病害研究工作中鉴定出五种病害:1.杨叶黑星病(Fusicladium tremulae Fr.),寄主云南白杨(Populus yunnanensis Dode);2.栎缩叶病[Taphrina caerulescens (Desm.et Mont.)Tul.],寄主猪栎[Lithocar pudealbata (Hook.f&Thoms)Rehd.];3.冬青漆斑病(Rhytisma curtisii B.et Rav.),寄主刺叶冬青(皱叶枸骨)(Ilex perryana S.Y.Hu)、大果冬青(Ilex macrocar pa Oliv.);4.云南朴树白粉病[Pleochaeta shiraiana(P.Henn.)Kimbr.et Korf.],寄主云南朴树(Celtis yunnanensis Schneid);5.云南朴树霜霉病[Pseudoperonospora celtidis(Waite)Wils.],寄主云南朴树(Celtis yunnanensis Schneid)。它们的寄主在我国尚未见报道。     

土壤中痕量钼的催化光度测定法

本文研究了钼(Ⅳ)在 HCl—KCl 缓冲液介质中催化过氧化氢氧化对氨基乙酰苯胺和β—萘酚的显色反应。并拟定了催化分光光度测定土壤中痕量钼的新方法,本方法的灵敏度为8×10~(-10)g/ml,测定范围0～1.0μg/25ml,本法已用于土壤中痕量钼的测定。     

水稻浸胚法外源DNA导入过程中DNA分子降解研究

以湘早籼８号为受体材料，以易于大量获得的鲤鱼精液ＤＮＡ为分子供体，进行浸胚法ＤＮＡ导入水稻实验，研究了ＤＮＡ分子在浸胚过程中的降解情况。通过定时取样后琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外吸收光谱扫描分析，发现水稻胚在浸泡过程中能主动降解外源ＤＮＡ分子，４８ｈ后大部分ＤＮＡ分子被降解成小分子片段、单磷酸脱氧核苷酸、碱基甚或无机成分；紫外吸收光谱扫描发现２２０～２４０ｎｍ有明显的增色效应。鉴于浸胚法诱变优势的普遍性及基因导入的固有困难，推测外源ＤＮＡ浸胚过程中降解后的成分对诱变起更大的作用。     

外源DNA导入水稻第三代变异材料部分器官解剖观察

通过对外源ＤＮＡ导入水稻第三代变异材料的部分器官的解剖观察，发现穗颈和第一节间的维管束数目及大小均较受体品种明显增加，维管束与茎壁组织的面积之比增大，剑叶中脉的维管束和气腔数目增多．这些结果说明变异材料的输导组织发达，物质转运畅通，单位时间内物质运输量多．从而为穗大粒多、早熟、结实率高提供了物质基础．