Comparative evaluation of impulse oscillometry and a monofrequency forced oscillation technique in clinically healthy calves undergoing bronchochallenges

Multifrequency impulse oscillometry ( ) was compared with a monofrequency forced oscillation technique ( ) in calves undergoing experimentally induced bronchoconstriction and subsequent bronchodilatation. The dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) was also measured by conventional methods. For each test, the baseline mean and the responses to saline, a bronchoconstrictive agent (carbachol) and a bronchodilator (fenoterolhydrobromide) were calculated. Using the 1os, the information was markedly frequency-dependent. The resistance (R) and the magnitude of respiratory impedance (Z) were only sensitive at 5 Hz, leading to negative frequency dependence of these parameters as an indicator of peripheral airway obstruction. A high sensitivity for reactance (X) and phase angle (0) values was observed between 5 and 20 Hz. For MFO (10 Hz), the parameters Ros (which includes resistive and capacitive components of the respiratory system), phase shift (psi), and the oscillatory derived compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) were of the greatest clinical potential. Crs showed a significant coefficient of linear correlation (r=0.88, P<0·001) with Cdyn. At the 10 Hz test frequency similar results were observed with MFO and 105, suggesting that for healthy calves the measurement effect of an impulse is not significant. With respect to peripheral airway calibre, a test frequency less than 10 Hz appeared to be most sensitive and least variable.     

与辣椒抗CMV扭关的数量性状位点（QTL）的鉴定

在辣椒（Capsicum annuum）种内进行抗CMVQTL分析。从感病品种Maor与抗病品种Perennial杂交获得180个F3。在美国和以色列的三个试验中用两个病毒株系接种。大部分RFLP和AFLP标记被用作构建遗传图谱,区间分析被用作QTL检测。有4个QTL与抗CMV显著相关。检测到了两个标记对CMV抗性的双基因互作,没有检测到单基因效用。3个试验中检测到控制表现型变异（cmv11．1）的QTL,其变异最大百分比为16％～33％,该QTL与双基因互作有关。这个QTL与L位点连锁,并证实该QTL与抗TMV有关。在Perennial上早期非常有趣的观察到抗CMV感TMV的现象。来自于不相关的种群的一个高世代的回交育种株系3990,被选择用来分析对CMV的抗性,标记覆盖整个基因组,检测到来自Perennial的基冈渗入。这些基因渗入的区域中包括4个与抗CMV相关的QTL。在两个基因区域的标记被鉴定与抗CMV的QTL相关,同时也与控制果实重量的QTL相关,另外的育种观察也证实对CMV的抗性来源于Perennial和小果型品种。     

Semi‐quantitative methods yield greater inter‐ and intraobserver agreement than subjective methods for interpreting 99mtechnetium‐hydroxymethylene‐diphosphonate uptake in equine thoracic processi spinosi

Scintigraphy is a standard diagnostic method for evaluating horses with back pain due to suspected thoracic processus spinosus pathology. Lesion detection is based on subjective or semi‐quantitative assessments of increased uptake. This retrospective, analytical study is aimed to compare semi‐quantitative and subjective methods in the evaluation of scintigraphic images of the processi spinosi in the equine thoracic spine. Scintigraphic images of 20 Warmblood horses, presented for assessment of orthopedic conditions between 2014 and 2016, were included in the study. Randomized, blinded image evaluation was performed by 11 veterinarians using subjective and semi‐quantitative methods. Subjective grading was performed for the analysis of red‐green‐blue and grayscale scintigraphic images, which were presented in full‐size or as masked images. For the semi‐quantitative assessment, observers placed regions of interest over each processus spinosus. The uptake ratio of each processus spinosus in comparison to a reference region of interest was determined. Subsequently, a modified semi‐quantitative calculation was developed whereby only the highest counts‐per‐pixel for a specified number of pixels was processed. Inter‐ and intraobserver agreement was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Inter‐ and intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients were 41.65% and 71.39%, respectively, for the subjective image assessment. Additionally, a correlation between intraobserver agreement, experience, and grayscale images was identified. The inter‐ and intraobserver agreement was significantly increased when using semi‐quantitative analysis (97.35% and 98.36%, respectively) or the modified semi‐quantitative calculation (98.61% and 98.82%, respectively). The proposed modified semi‐quantitative technique showed a higher inter‐ and intraobserver agreement when compared to other methods, which makes it a useful tool for the analysis of scintigraphic images. The association of the findings from this study with clinical and radiological examinations requires further investigation.     

Fatty Acid Inheritance in Wide Reciprocal Oilseed Crosses (Brassica rapa and B. napus)

Abstract

Erucic acid content and inheritance were studied in Brassica alboglabra, B. rapa and resynthesized B. napus from these parental species. Although significant variation in erucic acid content was found between the 20 B. alboglabra lines, all of them had to be classified as high erucic types. No major erucic acid gene polymorphism was identified.

In B. rapa the erucic acid content was regulated by one major gene, which showed partial dominance in three of the four crosses analysed. The high erucic gene seemed to function more efficiently in the Yellow Sarson cytoplasm, resulting in maternal differences when reciprocal crosses were compared. In crosses where modern low erucic acid lines were used as female parents the zero erucic acid F₂-individuals occurred more frequently than expected.

Segregation of the erucic acid content in crosses involving resynthesized B. napus showed a good fit to a two locus model. No maternal effects were found, but deviations from mid-parent values in the high erucic acid direction occurred in most of the F₁-hybrids, indicating partial dominance. Crosses between resynthesized oilseed rape and natural oilseed rape resulted in oleic acid transgressive F₅-lines.     

Bücheranzeigen

European Journal of Forest Research -     

Geregelte Anordnung von Polyederviren in Insektenpolyedern im Zusammenhang mit deren Umbildung zu bandförmigen Formen

Ohne ZusammenfassungDie Finanzierung der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte durch die forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt in Wien und den öst. Forstverein, wofür an dieser Stelle herzlich gedankt sei. Besonderer Dank gebührt den Herren Dr. Helmut und Dr. Peter Sitte und Frl. N. Pfeifer am physikalischen Institut der Universität Innsbruck (Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie) für die Durchführung der Präparation und der lichtmikroskopischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen des vorliegenden Materiales.