Genetics of resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumber mosaic virus</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">hardwickii</Emphasis> R. Alef

The genetics of resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii R. Alef, the wild progenitor of cultivated cucumber was assessed by challenge inoculation and by natural infection of CMV. Among the 31 genotypes of C. sativus var. hardwickii collected from 21 locations in India the lowest mean percent disease intensity (PDI) was recorded in IC-277048 (6.33%) while the highest PDI was observed in IC-331631 (75.33%). All the four cultivated varieties (DC-1, DC-2, CHC-1 and CHC-2) showed very high PDI and susceptible disease reaction. Based on mean PDI, 8 genotypes were categorized as resistant, 13 as moderately resistant, 9 as moderately susceptible and one as susceptible. A chi-square test of frequency distribution based on mean PDI in F₂ progenies of six resistant × susceptible crosses revealed monogenic recessive Mendelian ratio 1(R):3(S) to be the best fit. This monogenic recessive model was further confirmed by 1(R):1(S) ratio as the best fit for back cross with resistant parent and no fit for either 3:1 or 1:1 in the back cross with the susceptible parent. The results revealed that CMV resistance in C. sativus var. hardwickii was controlled by a single recessive gene. Considering the cross compatibility between C. sativus var. hardwickii and cultivated cucumber, the resistance trait can be easily transferred to cultivated species through simple backcross breeding.     

苦荞厚果壳性状的遗传及其与产量因素的相关性研究

详细介绍了苦荞刚开花朵人工去雄授粉法,并采用该方法以具有薄壳无沟槽特性的小米荞和米荞1号为母本,分别与厚果壳有沟槽的晋荞麦2号、黔苦5号进行有性杂交,成功获得了杂种及其后代F2植株群体。发现小米荞/晋荞麦2号、米荞1号/黔苦5号的杂种植株均表现为父本的厚壳有沟槽、果壳不开裂特性,说明苦荞厚壳有沟槽性状为显性遗传。对其中4个F2群体厚壳和薄壳特性的分离进行统计分析发现,厚壳特性(thick shell,基因符号用T表示)为显性单基因遗传模式,隐性纯合基因型(tt)将表现为薄壳特性。从平均水平看,各F2群体薄壳型植株的千粒重和单株产量极显著低于厚壳型植株。薄壳型苦荞植株的千粒重比厚壳型苦荞低33%~43%,而单株产量低26%~40%。薄壳特性与低千粒重和低单株产量呈极显著的相关性,与株高和株粒数没有明显的相关性。研究还发现,薄壳型植株千粒重变异幅度的最大值可以接近厚壳苦荞的平均水平,而单株产量变幅的最大值可以达到厚壳苦荞平均水平的2倍以上。上述分析表明,通过杂交育种等方法,可使薄壳苦荞的产量接近或达到常规厚壳苦荞水平。     

Plant regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments of Sterculia urens roxb., an endangered gum-yielding tree

The present study is an attempt to prepare synthetic seeds using alginate encapsulation of nodal explants of Sterculia urens. Regeneration potential of encapsulated nodal segments was tested on MS basal, MS + BA (3.0 mg L^?1), MS + TDZ (0.2 mg L^?1), and MS + BA (0.5 mg L^?1) + NAA (2.0 mg L^?1). The regeneration potential was maximum (73.33 ± 1.33) on MS + TDZ (0.2 mg L^?1) followed by (69.33 ± 1.76) on MS + BA (3 mg L^?1) even after 6 months of storage at 4°C, whereas controls did not show any regeneration potential after 1 week. These findings suggest synthetic seed technology as an alternative method for micropropagation and germplasm conservation of Sterculia urens an endangered species.     

花/蕾低温保存对花椰菜花粉活力及授粉效果的影响

本研究将通过低温(3 ℃～5 °C)干燥处理花椰菜完全开放的花和不同大小的蕾,利用花粉活力测定、花粉萌发观察和杂交结籽率检测等手段分析了低温保存对其花粉活力及授粉效果的影响.研究结果表明,当天开放花的花粉活力和萌发率最高,分别达到91.3％和45.6％,授粉效果也最好,每角果平均可收获11.3粒种子.3 °～5 ℃干燥...     

Establishment and Management of Fine Clones Cutting Orchard of Camellia oleifera

近年来,油茶产业迅速升温,良种苗木的缺乏制约了油茶产业的发展,其中良种壮苗和适地适树适种源,特别是良种采穗圃建设与管理是关键因素.文章综述了油茶优良无性系采穗圃品种配置方法、营建、管理、采穗以及建档等.     

桥头跳车防治的措施

桥头跳车是公路建设中急需解决的问题之一。本文对跳车发生的原因进行分析,并对国内外桥头跳车的常用防治措施及新技术进行较详细的综述。     

双季稻栽培对水稻DUS测试标准品种数量性状表达的影响

通过田间试验,对《水稻DUS测试指南》中21个标准品种的13个数量性状进行早晚季性状观测分析,结果表明,受早晚栽培季节影响程度最大的3个性状依次是千粒重、茎秆长和穗粒数,茎秆直径受影响程度最小;各数量性状对应的标准品种受早晚栽培季节影响程度最大的是竹云糯,其次是桂花黄和元子占稻,川7号和矮糯受影响程度最小;单株穗数和结实率对应的标准品种早晚季表现一致性较差,提出将单株穗数代码为7的陆川早1号更换为Tsukushiakamochi,结实率代码为7的Dasanbyeo更换为特矮选的标准品种优化建议;依据晚季水稻的分级范围对部分早季水稻的数量性状进行调整,调整后各标准品种分级代码早晚季水稻表现出较好的一致性。     

Can carbon isotope discrimination and ash content predict grain yield and water use efficiency in wheat?

Drought is the main factor affecting crop grain yield. Increasing grain yield under drought and crop water use efficiency (WUE) is essential for enhancing world crop production and food availability. The objective of this study, carried out in India on 20 durum wheat cultivars, under three water regimes (full irrigation, limited irrigation and residual soil moisture) and during two seasons, was to investigate the potential use of plant traits (particularly carbon isotope discrimination, Δ, and ash content, m_a) to predict grain yield and WUE in wheat. WUE components were estimated using a soil water balance model (Budget) allowing comparison of environments in data scarce situations. A highly significant correlation was noted between grain yield and grain Δ across water regimes. However, the associations between grain yield, Δ and m_a were found to depend highly on the water regime and environmental conditions. The association between grain yield and grain Δ was significant under full irrigation in season 1 and under residual soil moisture in season 2. Significant positive correlations were noted in both seasons between grain yield and leaf Δ under residual soil moisture and between grain yield and leaf ash content at anthesis under limited irrigation. A significant correlation was found across environments between grain and leaf Δ and T, the quantity of water transpired during the growth cycle, as estimated by the soil water balance model. T also significantly correlated to grain and leaf m_a. Variation in WUE across environments was driven more by runoff, drainage and soil evaporation than by harvest index and transpiration. The associations between WUE and transpiration, runoff and Δ were negative but not significant. WUE was significantly correlated with leaf and grain m_a at maturity. The study indicates that Δ and m_a can be used as indirect selection criteria for grain yield and suggests that m_a is a good predictor of transpiration, grain yield and WUE across environments. The use of mechanistic models that allows differentiating between cultivars should permit in a next future to analyze the relationships between WUE, Δ and m_a across cultivars and evaluate the possibility to use these traits as predictors of WUE in wheat breeding programs.     

国内蔓性长豇豆系列品种的抽测与综合评价

通过田间试验对国内31个蔓性长豇豆品种进行重复鉴定。结果表明,约有四分之一的品种质量不合格;约有十分之九的品种不早熟,产量与对照之豇28-2差异不显著,约有二分之一的品种抗病性比对照差。国内虽有众多品种育成,但由于遗传性状的局限性而不能取代老品种之豇28-2。长豇豆虽然是高度自花授粉作物,但忽视选择也极易混杂退化。黑子类品种和柱头外露品种在留种繁殖,更要注意品种间隔离,并要多次进行去杂去劣。     

番木瓜植株镁钾含量变化与缺钾叶枯病的关系

采用田间调查、采样及其室内分析与田间试验相结合的方法,在低钾而高镁的土壤上,从植株各个部位探索番木瓜植株镁、钾营养变化对其生理性缺钾叶枯症的影响。结果表明,番木瓜叶枯症的发生,除与土壤有效钾缺乏有关外,Mg/K比值过高也是导致该症发生的一个重要原因。发生缺钾叶枯病的番木瓜植株,其根、茎、叶片、叶柄等器官含镁量均明显提高,施用钾肥后不但提高了植株的含K量,而且能抑制番木瓜植株对镁的吸收,从而协调平衡Mg/K比值,生理性缺钾叶枯症得到有效控制。