广东省海水养殖贝藻类碳汇潜力评估

大型藻类和滤食性贝类可以直接或者间接吸收水体中的碳（C）,收获养殖产品形成了一个＂可移出的碳汇＂,提高了海域的碳汇潜力。文章从物质量评估和价值量评估两方面对广东省贝、藻养殖的碳汇贡献进行了定量评估。物质量评估结果显示,2009年广东省海水养殖的贝类和藻类收获可以从海水中移出C约11×104t,相当于39.6×104t二氧化碳（CO2）;价值量评估结果显示封存固定这些CO2所需要的费用约0.59×108～2.38×108美元。因此,基于贝、藻养殖的碳汇渔业具有巨大的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。     

Discrimination of ‘San Marzano’ accessions: A comparison of minisatellite, CAPS and SSR markers in relation to morphological traits

‘San Marzano’ (SM) is one of the most widely known tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, and is a classic example of a local variety with a premium value. Unfortunately, the original cultivated form is underrepresented in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) area because of the incidence of contaminant and phenotypically similar genotypes. Our aim was to examine the ability of three DNA marker systems (minisatellite, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)) to reveal the genetic diversity of tomato accessions that were, based on a morphological analysis, very similar. The data indicate that both minisatellites and SSRs can be used to genetically distinguish the analysed materials. Furthermore, these two marker systems depict relationships consistent with the hierarchal pattern obtained by the morphological data. As locally cultivated tomato accessions are often characterised by some degree of genetic variability, our results will be valuable in facilitating the purification, management and breeding of tomato germplasms. The differences between the marker systems employed are also discussed in relation to their usefulness in the agro-food chain.     

提高认识,转变观念,加快推进甘蔗生产机械化

简述了湛江垦区甘蔗的生产现状、生产中存在的主要问题及垦区甘蔗生产机械化开展情况。提出只有提高认识,转变观念,就能大力发展甘蔗生产机械化。     

计算法测量电阻应变原理的试验分析

介绍了计算法测量电阻应变的原理及试验,着重分析了试验结果,验证了测量原理．     

近红外光谱变量筛选提高西瓜糖度预测模型精度

水果的内部品质是水果分级、保鲜及存储的一项重要指标,利用近红外光谱技术对西瓜内部品质进行快速无损检测研究有着非常重要的意义。为了研究变量筛选方法对西瓜糖度预测模型精度的影响,该文以麒麟瓜为研究对象,利用近红外漫透射光谱技术对麒麟瓜可溶性固形物含量（SSC）进行检测,采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）,多元线性回归（MLR）和主成分回归（PCR）建立麒麟瓜可溶性固形物数学模型,并探讨等间隔平均光谱和等间隔抽取光谱变量筛选结合连续投影算法（SPA）对预测模型精度的影响。研究结果表明：光谱经等间隔抽取（间隔5,115个变量）经归一化预处理,结合SPA优选出6个波长建立的PLSR预测模型的相关系数（rpre）为0.828、校正均方根误差（RMSEC）为0.589、预测均方根误差（RMSEP）为0.611。该模型预测效果相对较优,建模时间短,提高了模型的预测能力和预测精度。该研究为西瓜内部品质的在线无损检测提供研究基础。     

基于声学特性的西瓜糖度检测系统

该研究优化了由包裹橡皮的金属小球、压电式加速度传感器、电荷放大器、光电式触发电路、数据采集卡和计算机等组成的西瓜声学特性测试系统。由所获取的声波信号幅值谱计算出声透过率,采用TQ软件中SMLR(逐步多元线性回归)函数选取6个特征频率:752、869、1001、4556、322、3950Hz,由其对应的声透过率值建立了西瓜品质检测的多元线性回归模型。对47个西瓜样本的试验数据分析表明:将敲击点和接收点分别放置在西瓜自然生长状态的中部对侧可获得最佳的测定模型,模型的校正相关系数R、校正均方根误差RMSEC和预测均方根误差RMSEP分别是0.80753、0.646和0.655。实现了西瓜糖度检测目的,为声学无损检测西瓜成熟度提供了参考。     

Characterization of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of a purple tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

A newly developed nongenetically modified purple tomato V118 was investigated for its phytochemical compositions and antioxidant activities. A highly efficient and sensitive UPLC method was developed for both the phenolics and carotenoids, which showed that in addition to the phytochemicals commonly known for tomatoes, V118 had a unique composition of anthocyanins. The total carotenoid content of V118 was 234.78 μg/g dry weight (DW), and the total phenolic content was 659.11 mg GAE/100 g DW. The antioxidant activities of the lipophilic extract as measured by the PCL and ORAC-L assays were 30.11 μmol TE/g DW and 11.97 μmol TE/g DW, respectively, while the hydrophilic extracts as determined by the ORAC-H and FRAP assays were 323.23 μmol TE/g DW and 54.95 μmol AAE/g DW, respectively. The LC-MS study showed three major anthocyanins, which were mainly acylglycosides of petunidin and malvidin. This study showed that purple tomatoes such as V118 possess additional phytochemicals like anthocyanins, which can potentially have added health benefits.     

南方小花蝽和黄蓟马的种群动态及捕食功能反应

为明确南方小花蝽和黄蓟马在冬季蚕豆植株上的发生情况及南方小花蝽对黄蓟马的室内捕食控害能力,本试验采用五点取样盘拍法调查了蚕豆植株上黄蓟马及其天敌南方小花蝽的种群密度;在实验室内用捕食功能反应法研究了南方小花蝽雌成虫对黄蓟马成虫和2龄若虫的捕食功能、寻找效应及其自身密度对捕食黄蓟马的干扰反应.结果表明:黄蓟马在3月初达种...     

Proton toxicity interferes with the screening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for aluminium resistance in nutrient solution

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proved to be very sensitive of low pH (4.3), with large genotypic differences in proton sensitivity. Therefore, proton toxicity did not allow the screening of common bean genotypes for aluminium (Al) resistance using the established protocol for maize (0.5 mM CaCl₂, 8 μM H₃BO₃, pH 4.3). Increasing the pH to 4.5, the Ca²⁺ concentration to 5 mM, and addition of 0.5 mM KCl fully prevented proton toxicity in 28 tested genotypes and allowed to identify differences in Al resistance using the inhibition of root elongation by 20 μM Al supply for 36 h as parameter of Al injury. As in maize, Al treatment induced callose formation in root apices of common bean. Aluminium‐induced callose formation well reflected the effect of Ca supply on Al sensitivity as revealed by root‐growth inhibition. Aluminum‐induced callose formation in root apices of 28 bean genotypes differing in Al resistance after 36 h Al treatment was positively correlated to Al‐induced inhibition of root elongation and Al contents in the root apices. However, the relationship was less close than previously reported for maize. Also, after 12 h Al treatment, callose formation and Al contents in root apices did not reflect differences in Al resistance between two contrasting genotypes, indicating a different mode of the expression of Al toxicity and regulation of Al resistance in common bean than in maize.     

基于Landsat和MODIS数据融合的农牧区NPP模拟

天山北坡是中国重要的农牧业发展基地,利用遥感数据准确获取植被净初级生产力(Net primary productivity,NPP)的时空信息,对于合理分配农牧业草地资源具有重要意义。由于受到天气影响及卫星传感器受到时间分辨率和空间分辨率的限制,获取既具有中空间分辨率、又具有高时间分辨率的遥感数据比较困难。本文基于中空间分辨率Landsat 8 OLI数据与高时间分辨率MODIS数据,采用遥感数据时空融合STARFM算法,获取中空间分辨率和高时间分辨率序列的遥感数据,以天山北坡中段区域为实验区,结合CASA模型,对区域内植被NPP进行模拟。结果表明,2016年内8个时期,融合后的NDVI数据与对应时刻的Landsat 8 OLI NDVI数据的相关系数不小于0.759,偏差在0.006 2～0.009 4之间,均方根误差在0.074～0.135之间;利用融合数据与CASA模型协同模拟的NPP具有良好的空间细节信息,NPP模拟值与野外实测值决定系数R~2为0.860 1,表明两者具有较好的相关性。本研究为多源遥感影像融合技术与光能利用率模型协同模拟NPP提供了新的思路。