紫花苜蓿耗水规律及灌溉制度优化研究

为研究河套灌区紫花苜蓿的耗水规律,同时对现有灌溉制度进行优化,在田间试验的基础上,设置不同灌水水平对前两茬苜蓿进行了研究。结果表明:现蕾期和开花期是紫花苜蓿耗水的旺盛阶段,该阶段土壤水分亏缺会直接影响苜蓿产量的形成。通过多元线性回归的方法求解得到了两茬紫花苜蓿各生育期的敏感性系数,分别在0.103~0.731和0.041~0.375之间,且以现蕾期和开花期为最大,说明这两个生育阶段为苜蓿生长的关键阶段。以Jensen模型为基础,采用最小二乘法初步优化了两茬紫花苜蓿生育期内的灌溉制度,第1茬灌溉定额以1 400 m3/hm~2为宜,第2茬以2 300 m3/hm~2为宜,两茬灌水次数分别以4次和5次为最优。     

土壤容许流失量研究的进展与趋势

概述了国内外土壤容许流失量（Ｔ值）研究的历史、目前研究的现状和未来的发展趋势,对Ｔ值研究的主要内容如成土速度、土壤养分流失、泥沙淤积损失、土壤流失与土地生产力的关系、保护沟道侵蚀的重要性等做了讲述。介绍了Ｔ值的数学表达和不同国家的Ｔ值标准,阐述了进行Ｔ值双值性研究的必要性,并对Ｔ值研究中存在的问题进行了分析。     

典型黑土pH值变化对营养元素有效态含量的影响研究

采用室内培养实验的方法,控制典型黑土样品的酸碱度值,探讨典型黑土中Cu、Zn、Mn、P和Fe等营养元素有效态含量与pH值的关系。结果表明:pH值变化0.5个单位左右,有效态铜含量变化约0.5～1倍;有效态锰含量变化约3～5倍;有效态锌含量变化9～15倍之多;有效态磷含量变化约1.5～2倍;有效态铁含量变化约3～4倍。说明精确掌握土壤的酸碱度值对于土壤诊断、合理施肥、提高作物产量和实现土地的可持续利用都具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

Potential Anti-Obesity,Anti-Steatosis,and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.     

Comparison between vegetation indices for detecting spatial and temporal variabilities in soybean crop using canopy sensors

Precision Agriculture - Crop monitoring through remote sensing techniques enable greater knowledge of average variability in crop growth. Canopy sensors help provide information on the variability...     

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Recovery of Carotenoids from Guava’s Pulp and Waste Powders

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - In this work, lycopene- and β-carotene-rich extracts were obtained from guava’s pulp and waste powders using maceration (ME), ultrasonic bath (BUAE,...     

Prediction of Genetic Gain in Sweet Corn using Selection Indexes

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The cultivation of sweet corn is expanding in Brazil, but there are serious constraints about the availability of commercial cultivars. The selection of...     

抗犬细小病毒的单克隆抗体的制备

CPV YZ株的细胞培养液经蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化后作为免疫原免疫BALB/C小鼠 ,应用杂交瘤技术筛选出 8株能稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞 ,分别命名为F5G10、3F11F4、F11G6、6C5C2、6E4G3、6C2B11、F11D6、3D9C4株 ,各株单抗均为IgG型 ;中和试验表明 :F11G6、3D9C4、6E4G3、6C5B114株单抗有中和作用 ,Dot ELISA试验证明了 8株单抗仅针对病毒抗原决定簇的空间结构。     

不同降雨强度下滨海盐渍土水盐运动规律模拟实验研究

采用原状土柱 ,对滨海盐渍土的水盐运动进行了室内模拟研究。结果表明 :7,14和 2 8mm的雨量下 ,滨海盐渍土土壤剖面的水分运动规律基本相似 ,水分运动的整个过程可分为两个阶段 ,即入渗控制阶段和蒸发控制阶段。第 1阶段经历的时间很短 ,第 2阶段经历的时间较长 ,其水吸力随时间变化趋势符合对数方程 ,达到极显著水平。剖面上盐分运动规律却具有明显的差异性 :小雨时土体中的盐分再分布十分缓慢 ,甚至基本没有变化 ;中雨和大雨时土体中的盐分明显发生再分布 ,且也可以分成两个阶段 ,即盐分迅速下降阶段和盐分缓慢上升阶段。中雨和大雨第 2阶段盐分随时间的变化趋势也符合对数方程 ,达到极显著水平。就脱盐效果而言 ,小雨很难使土体脱盐 ;中雨能使土体在短时间内部分脱盐 ,但长期而言 ,整个剖面脱盐效果不理想 ;大雨能使整个土壤剖面长期处于脱盐状况 ,因此脱盐效果好