Examining the Effects of the Destroying Ammunition,Mines and Explosive Devices on the Presence of Heavy Metals in Soil of Open Detonation Pit; Part 2: Determination of Heavy Metal Fractions

As a result of the destruction of ammunition, mines, and explosive devices by the method of open detonation, the increased concentration of heavy metals is often recorded in the soil of military polygons, which is a serious ecological problem. However, in order to determine the potential risk of such locations to the environment, it is necessary to determine, in addition to the total content, the forms in which the metals are present. In this paper, a sequential extraction method was used to analyze the six fractions of five heavy metals (cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, and zinc) in the soil of the polygon for destruction of ammunition, mines, and explosive devices. Samples were collected from the place of direct detonation (so-called pits) and from the edge of the pit. The aim of this research is determination of metal speciation in order to obtain a better insight in their mobility and risk arising from this. The results showed that heavy metals are predominantly present in the residual, oxide, and organic fractions. Cd and Cu were also significantly present in the mobile fractions due to conducted activities on the polygon. To assess the potential environmental risk of soil, the risk assessment code (RAC) and individual (ICF) and global (GCF) contamination factors were used. According to the RAC, the mobility and bioavailability of the analyzed heavy metals decreases in the following order: Cd?>?Cu?>?Zn?>?Pb?>?Ni. ICF results show low to moderate risk, while GCF results show low risk in terms of heavy metal contamination in the examined area.     

The prospects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in mixed mountain forests under various management strategies,climate change and high browsing pressure

European Journal of Forest Research - In the Dinaric Mountains, the future of silver fir and Norway spruce appears to be uncertain, especially given the threat of climate change to both species and...     

The effect of N and NaCl on growth,yield, and nitrate content of salad rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.)

Hydroponic production of rocket as a salad vegetable has become increasingly important in recent years. Rocket is known to be a high nitrate (NO₃^–)-accumulating vegetable, which can be grown throughout the year. In the present study, rocket was grown in a floating hydroponic system at three levels of nitrogen (N) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The highest yield was obtained at 14 mM N, whereas the yield was lower at 20 mM and 40 Mm NaCl. Leaf elongation was more sensitive to salinity than leaf differentiation. Adding NaCl to the nutrient solution increased the relative chlorophyll content. Na⁺ and Cl^– concentrations increased as salinity increased. NO₃^? levels in fresh biomass increased with increased amounts of NO₃^? in the nutrient solution, and plants at 18 mM N were able to maintain a higher NO₃^? : Cl^? ratio than those at 10 mM N.     

Leaching of mineral nitrogen in the soil influenced by addition of compost and N-mineral fertilizer

This paper deals with the problem of mineral N leaching from arable lands due to the fertilization method. The influence of different doses of compost (50 and 100?Mg ha^?1) and N-mineral fertilizer (35-70-140 kg N ha^?1) on leaching of N_min in a lysimetric experiment with winter wheat. The area of our interest represents the main source of drinking water for the city of Brno and its neighborhoods. To demonstrate the effect of compost and mineral nitrogen addition, the lysimetric experiment was established there. Seven variants of the experiment with different fertilization schemes were studied during two vegetation seasons (2013 and 2014), each with three repetitions. The experiment was carried out in plastic experimental containers of 0.3 m diameter and 0.5 m height. Therefore, each lysimeter was the same size and was filled with 25 kg of subsoil and 25 kg of topsoil. The highest leaching of N_min was detected in the variant C2 where 140 kg N ha^?1 was applied, in both vegetation periods (5.97 kg N_min ha^?1 after the first vegetation period and 17.02 kg N_min ha^?1 after the second vegetation period). The positive effect of compost application (individually or in combination with the mineral N) on decrease in mineral N leaching was found during both vegetation period in comparison with variant C2. The highest doses of compost (100?Mg per ha) significantly decreased the concentration of mineral nitrogen in the soil eluate in both periods (3.03 kg N_min ha^?1 and 5.79 kg N_min ha^?1, respectively), by 197% and 293% in comparison with variant C2. There is evidence that the application of compost has a positive effect on the reduction of N_min leaching.     

Effects of early leaf removal on grape yield,chemical characteristics,and antioxidant activity of grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon and wine from eastern Croatia

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of two different treatments of early defoliation performed before blooming on: grape yield, chemical parameters, polyphenols content, and antioxidant activity of grape and red wine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon from the vineyard located in Ilok, the eastern continental region of Croatia. Two different treatments of leaf removal (LR) were performed: removal of 3 leafs (T1) and 6 leafs (T2) before blooming, together with control (no leaf removal) (T3) during two years (2013 and 2014). Crop yield and average cluster weights per vine were determined. Density, pH and titratable acidity were measured in must, while the total phenols, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were measured in the extract of grape skin and produced wine. The analysis of individual anthocyanins in wine was performed by HPLC method. T2 treatment significantly lowered the crop yield and the average cluster weights, and increased total phenols, total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity and most abundant individual anthocyanins in wine. Defoliation did not affect the other chemical parameters in must, grape skin extract and wine. Vintage year is statistically the most significant source of variability for density of must, antioxidant activity in grape skin extract, as well as pH and titratable acidity in wine. This study has showed that the early leaf removal treatment in eastern continental part of Croatia could be used for the production of smaller quantity of high quality Cabernet Sauvignon red wine abundant with anthocyanins.     

越南芒果产业发展趋势预测

RCEP的实施扩大了市场规模,中国和东盟各国有竞争力的农产品将获得更多出口机会。研究RCEP对整个农业产业发展、贸易和竞争的宏观影响很多,但公、私部门决策实施的有效性取决于针对某一行业、特定产品如芒果的深入具体研究。本文以越南芒果产业为例,运用深入产业价值链生产工艺流程层面的新视角,在资讯极有限的条件下对越南芒果产业发展趋势进行预测,推测出其对中国芒果产业短、中、长期的影响,对生产的过程和结构这一经济学“黑箱”进行了有益探索。     

应用灰色系统理论选育优良杂种小麦品种

利用灰色系统理论,对2001～2002年度杂种小麦品比试验结果进行了分析。结果表明,主要性状对杂种小麦产量贡献的关联度顺序为千粒重>穗数>穗粒数>株高。在各参试组合中,以西杂5号表现最好,其次为2611/8727,西杂1号。