75%甲嘧磺隆水分散粒剂防除非耕地杂草试验

应用75%甲嘧磺隆水分散粒剂对非耕地杂草进行防除试验。结果表明,试验剂量在45～75g/667m2范围内,防治效果达100%。     

基于文献计量学的苹果蠹蛾研究动态分析

利用CNKI和Web of Science数据库,采用文献计量学的方法,对苹果蠹蛾研究的年度、国家、作者、机构、来源期刊进行了发文量和被引分析,客观地呈现苹果蠹蛾的研究现状。检索结果表明,在WOS核心合集中共检索到来自49个国家的1 084作者参与发表相关研究文献636篇;CNKI期刊中检索到429名作者参与发表相关研究文献242篇。美国参与发文量最多,且美国农业部是发文最多的机构,为173篇;在我国,西北农林科技大学的发文量最多。文中总结了国际上9位核心作者和我国国内4位核心作者。我国与国际上研究内容差异较大,我国国内40.50%文章是苹果蠹蛾的发生与防治技术,其次是检疫、信息素、田间生态研究,我国对苹果蠹蛾的颗粒体病毒及不育技术仅有少量报道。     

杀虫剂对中黑苜蓿盲蝽的毒力测定方法及9种杀虫剂的室内毒力测定

中黑苜蓿盲蝽（Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev）目前是河南省关键棉花害虫之一。本文研究了中黑苜蓿盲蝽成虫的日龄、性别、密度和食物的有无对瓶膜法毒力测定结果的影响,确定了农药对中黑苜蓿盲蝽毒力的生物测定方法。将羽化10 d内的成虫（不分雌雄）1～3头装入具有待测药膜的20 mL闪烁瓶中,每瓶加1块四季豆作为食物, 24 h检查死亡率。用此法测定的9种杀虫剂对郑州中黑苜蓿盲蝽种群的毒力为： 毒死蜱>硫丹>氯氟氰菊酯>甲萘威>吡虫啉>高效氯氰菊酯>啶虫咪>抗蚜威>溴氰菊酯,LC50分别为0.275、0.335、8.130、16.782、18.684、23.805、27.767、63.420 μg/mL和68.451 μg/mL。     

甘肃河西盐碱荒地开发对河流水质的影响

本文详尽分析了甘肃河西地区张掖临泽部分盐碱荒地开发对生态环境产生的主要污染参数、污染因子及污染物排放量，预测了洗盐废水中可溶性盐分对黑河水质的影响。     

麦二叉蚜传播玉米矮花叶病毒的机制

用胶体金标记法和荧光抗体标记法研究了麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)传播玉米矮花叶病毒(Maize dwaft mosaic virus,MDMV)的机制。麦二叉蚜传播玉米矮花叶病毒需要辅助成份-蛋白酶(Helper component-proteinase,HC-Pro)的参与。在电镜下观察到HC-Pro可以与MDMV粒子结合。用FITC标记的HC-Pro抗体和MDMV抗体证明,HC-Pro可以直接结合到蚜虫口针上;而MDMV粒子不能直接结合到蚜虫口针,必须在HC-Pro的辅助下才能结合到蚜虫口针上。这为HC-Pro在蚜虫传毒过程中起桥梁作用提供了新的证据。MDMV粒子主要吸附在蚜虫口针的尖端和中间部分。     

8种杀螨剂对苹果树红蜘蛛田间防效评价

对8种不同作用机理杀螨剂防治苹果树红蜘蛛的效果进行了田间试验。结果表明：三唑锡、炔螨特、哒螨灵、阿维菌素、唑螨酯、螺螨酯、双甲脒、甲氰菊酯均是防治苹果树红蜘蛛的有效药剂,以螺螨酯的总体防效最好。     

野燕麦、遏兰菜复合群体对小麦产量损失研究

试验采用二因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计，研究野燕麦遏兰菜不同密度的复合群体与小麦减产率，穗数减少率，穗粒数减少率等指标函数间的变化规律。结果表明，野燕麦密度是影响产量的主要因子，遏兰菜密度是次要因子。野燕麦，遏兰菜密度与小麦减产率，穗数减少率，穗粒数减少率在试验范围内呈正相关关系，小麦减产率回归方程为：Ｙｙ＝２０．７０＋６．０９１３ｘ１＋２．１５６３ｘ２＋４．３２５０ｘ１ｘ２－２．１３５５ｘ     

添加有机硅表面活性剂对低容量喷雾防治小麦蚜虫的影响

室内试验表明,有机硅表面活性剂Silwet408、非离子表面活性剂OP-10和JFC可显著降低药液的表面张力,其中Silwet408在质量分数为0.05%时可使水的表面张力降到22.05 mN/m,表面活性最强。当药液中含有0.001%的有机硅表面活性剂Silwet408时,其在小麦叶片上的接触角即开始显著减小,且在小麦背面的接触角小于在正面的接触角。在10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂稀释2500倍药液中添加Silwet408,药液的表面张力和其在小麦叶片上的接触角明显降低,雾滴在小麦叶片上扩展面积明显增大。进一步田间试验表明,使用手持离心式低容量喷雾机喷雾,在10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂药液中添加质量分数为0.05%和0.1%的Silwet408,可显著增加对小麦蚜虫的防治效果。     

Fusarium oxysporum,F. proliferatum and F. redolens associated with basal rot of onion in Finland

In recent years in Finland, Fusarium infections in onions have increased, both in the field and in storage, and Fusarium species have taken the place of Botrytis as the worst pathogens causing post‐harvest rot of onion. To study Fusarium occurrence, samples were taken from onion sets, harvested onions and also from other plants grown in the onion fields. Isolates of five Fusarium species found in the survey were tested for pathogenicity on onion. Fusarium oxysporum was frequently found in onions and other plants, and, of the isolates tested, 31% caused disease symptoms and 15% caused growth stunting in onion seedlings. Fusarium proliferatum, a species previously not reported in Finland, was also identified. Over 50% of the diseased onion crop samples were infected with F. proliferatum, and all the F. proliferatum isolates tested were pathogenic to onion. Thus, compared to F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum seems to be more aggressive on onion. Also some of the F. redolens isolates were highly virulent, killing onion seedlings. Comparison of the translation elongation factor 1α gene sequences revealed that the majority of the aggressive isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae group together and are distinct from the other isolates. Incidence and relative proportions of the different Fusarium species differed between the sets and the mature bulbs. More research is required to determine to what extent Fusarium infections spoiling onions originate from infected onion sets rather than the field soil.