黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）雪季地表食物利用

2012年1月至3月,本研究采用粪便分析法对黔金丝猴冬季的食物利用进行了调查研究。结果表明在此期间黔金丝猴采食植物部位有嫩枝、树芽、叶片、花、树皮以及果实和种子,食物种类较多。其中,地表灌木层木姜子属（Litse asp．）的嫩枝是黔金丝猴取食较多的采食对象。本次研究也首次发现黔金丝猴食用地面上的四照花果实。我们推测黔金丝猴利用落地果实的现象可能是该物种对温带森林中高质量食物果实和种子利用最大化的一种适应。建议在温带灵长类生态行为研究中,加强对落地果实、矮小灌木和草本植物等猴群食源植物的监测,以期精确地探讨物种的食性以及对环境的适应。     

人工醇化上部烟叶重要中性致香物质与感官质量关系研究

为了探究人工醇化条件下烟叶重要中性致香物质和感官质量间关系,利用诸城地区烟叶进行研究。结果表明:醇化过程中重要中性致香物质含量发生极显著变化,其中类胡萝卜素降解产物、美拉德反应产物、芳香族氨基酸降解产物和其他类中性致香物质含量分别提升了82.67%、63.16%、276.74%和73.77%,叶绿素降解产物含量下降了32.33%,类西柏烷类降解产物含量无显著变化。美拉德反应产物与感官质量关系最为密切,且均为有利的影响;类西柏烷类降解产物对香气质和余味的作用是显著有利的;芳香族氨基酸降解产物对杂气、刺激性和总分的间接作用是显著有利的,相关系数分别为0.401、0.576和0.344;类胡萝卜素降解产物和叶绿素降解产物对感官质量有着不利影响;其他类中性致香物质对烟叶感官质量作用较小。逐步回归表明:感官质量与致香物质间回归关系显著,决定系数均在0.80以上,预测结果可靠。     

盐度对鲤标准代谢的影响

采用封闭式呼吸仪,在恒温27℃条件下,测定了鲤(1.37～5.30g)在不同温度下的标准代谢率。结果表明:鲤在淡水和盐度为3,5,7,9的水中,平均标准代谢率分别为97.10,65.55,115.41,120.59和136.29J/g·d,差异极显著。不同盐度下的标准代谢率(R_s;J/d)与体重(W;g)之间的关系均可用幂函数R_s=aw~b来描述,相关极显著,体重指数(b)无显著差异,但在7,9时,呈下降趋势。本文从渗透调节角度探讨了b值随盐度变化及盐度影响淡水鱼类标准代谢的生理机制。     

芳樟工厂化育苗技术研究

通过对芳樟工业原料林良种茎尖的离体培养和繁殖 ,探讨芳樟茎尖诱导、分化、不定芽生长分化、生根的适宜的培养基和适宜的培养条件。结果表明 :适宜芳樟茎尖诱导培养基为MS +6 -BAa～ 2amg .L-1+NAAbmg .L-1,诱导率达 70 %以上 ,适宜分化丛生芽的理想培养基为改良MS +6 -BAa′～ 2a′mg .L-1+NAA0～ 2bmg .L-1+GA0～cmg .L-1芽年增殖系数达4 5 12 以上 ,有效芽苗率达 80 %以上 ,适合生根培养基为 1/2改良MS +NAAb′mg .L-1+IBA0～b′mg .L-1或 1/2改良MS +IBAb′mg .L-1+NAA0～b′mg .L-1,或R +IBAc2 mg .L-1+NAAc1 mg .L-1生根率达 98%以上。移栽土壤基质以黄心土加沙(10∶1)理想 ,移栽成活率可达 85 %以上     

尾叶桉组织培养快速繁殖的研究

以顶芽或茎段为外植体 ,通过 4种基本培养基和生长调节剂不同浓度组合的对比试验 ,筛选出最佳增殖培养基为B1+2 0mg·L-16 -BA +1 0mg·L-1NAA ,生根培养基为B2 +0 5mg·L-1ABT1号。移栽基质选择红心土。     

稀土改性杨木材质初探

采用将稀土注入杨木试材中的方法,改善杨木材性,初步得出试材的稀土载药量、注入后试材的干燥程度是影响试材尺寸稳定性的重要因素,同时发现稀土的注入对提高杨木试材的硬度和耐腐性亦有良好效果。     

冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中磷钾平衡的研究

对高肥力土壤大量施用磷钾肥冬小麦 /夏玉米轮作周期中作物产量、磷钾养分平衡等进行了研究。结果表明 ,高肥力土壤上连续大量施用磷钾肥条件下 ,传统施氮与优化施氮、秸秆还田与秸秆不还田对冬小麦和夏玉米产量、磷钾吸收量均无显著差异。在一个轮作周期中 ,冬小麦、夏玉米吸磷 (P)量分别为 22～25、18～19kg/hm2;吸钾(K)量分别为 14.7～16.6、96～112kg/hm2。在一个轮作周期后 ,土壤中的速效磷、速效钾含量变化不大。在施用磷肥 (P) 79kg/hm2 的条件下 ,无论秸秆还田与否磷素都有盈余 ,秸秆还田磷素 (P)盈余量为 46～47kg/hm2,秸秆不还田为 36～37kg/hm2;在施用钾肥 (K)75kg/hm2条件下 ,秸秆还田钾素 (K)盈余量为 22～31kg/hm2,秸秆不还田钾素 (K)亏缺量为 168～201kg/hm2,说明秸秆还田对于磷素与钾素特别是钾素的平衡有很大的作用     

Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.