女贞子对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响

选用360只1日龄体重均一,健康的从肉鸡,随机分成对照组、5 mg/kg黄霉素组、0.5%和1%女贞子组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡,试验期为6周,研究日粮中添加女贞子对内仔鸡的生长性能、胴体品质的影响.结果表明:(1)各阶段各试验组的日增重都显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),料重比均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).在0～3周龄和0～6周龄,0.5%和1.0%女贞子组日采食量都显著高于对照组(P＜O.05).(2)与对照组相比,0.5%和1.0%女贞子组能显著提高半净膛率(P＜0.05),显著降低腹脂率(P＜0.05).     

Hydraulic Retention Time Influence on Improving Flocculation in the Activated Sludge Processes Through Polyelectrolytes

Hydraulic retention time (HRT) influence improving sludge flocculation with adding the polyelectrolytes (non-ionic, anionic, and cationic) was studied on an activated sludge (AS) system fed with synthetic domestic wastewater (SDW), dairy industry wastewater (DIW), and caramel industry wastewater (CIW). The sludge volumetric index, food/microorganism ratio (F/M), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids at different HRTs (6, 8 and 10 h) were monitored on an experimental model. Results showed that both SDW and IW had the best sludge flocculation conditions at 8 h and 100 mL of non-ionic polyelectrolyte (0.2 mg L^?1). In addition, this phenomenon reached the organic matter removal efficiencies of 95.9, 95.7, and 94.2% for SDW, DIW, and CIW, respectively. Therefore, optimum HRT increased the organic matter removal efficiencies by 10%, sludge concentration by 37% (22–55%), and F/M ratio by 70%. Moreover, the polyelectrolytes used in AS improved the sludge flocculation by 2.9 times.     

Neutral models for testing landscape hypotheses

Neutral landscape models were originally developed to test the hypothesis that human-induced fragmentation produces patterns distinctly different from those associated with random processes. Other uses for neutral models have become apparent, including the development and testing of landscape metrics to characterize landscape pattern. Although metric development proved to be significant, the focus on metrics obscured the need for iterative hypothesis testing fundamental to the advancement of the discipline. We present here an example of an alternative neutral model and hypothesis designed to relate the process of landscape change to observed landscape patterns. The methods and program, QRULE, are described and options for statistical testing outlined. The results show that human fragmentation of landscapes results in a non-random association of land-cover types that can be describe by simple statistical methods. Options for additional landscape studies are discussed and access to QRULE described in the hope that these methods will be employed to advance our understanding of the processes that affect the structure and function in human dominated landscapes.     

Ovicidal activity of seven <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pochonia chlamydosporia</Emphasis> fungal isolates on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascaris suum</Emphasis> eggs

The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect) among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes.     

棉花多亲本杂交F_2群体产量性状的效应分析

本文对棉花聚合杂交体系中９个不同亲人配制的８个单交、１０个４交、１１个８交的Ｆ＿２代群体的产量及产量组合性状进行综合分析。结果表明，随着率交亲本数的增加，聚合程度逐步提高，使产量及主要产量组分的遗传增益不断上升，并达到了显著或极显著水平的增加，其中尤以８交群体的聚合增效最为突出。说明多亲本聚合杂交在棉花丰产、优质、抗病和早熟目标的育种中，对产量性状的提高具有显著效果。     

Effect of supplementation of Simada sheep with graded levels of concentrate meal on feed intake,digestibility and body-weight parameters

The experiment consisting of 7 days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trial was conducted at Wogda (Ethiopia) to determine the effect of supplementation of graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight (BW) change in hay-based feeding of Simada sheep. Twenty-yearling Simada sheep with a mean initial BW of 17.9 ± 0.81 kg (mean ± SD) were used in randomized complete block design arranged into five blocks of four animals. The four dietary treatments that consisted of hay alone (T1), hay +150 g dry matter (DM; T2, low), hay +250 g DM (T3, medium), and hay +350 g DM (T4, high) CM were randomly assigned to each sheep within a block. The CM consisted of wheat bran (WB), noug seed (Guizotia abyssinica) meal and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed meal at the ratio of (2:1:1), respectively. Supplementation with T2 and T3 increased (P < 0.001) total DM and organic matter intake than the control treatment. Overall, supplementation improved (P < 0.001) crude protein intake, digestibility, feed conversion efficiency, BW gain, and profitability compared to the control, whereas sheep on the high than the low and medium level of supplementation performed better in these parameters among the supplemented treatments. From the results of this study, T4 is recommended as the best level of supplementation since it resulted in better nutrient utilization, animal performance, and profitability.     

环丙唑醇对映体的反相高效液相色谱分离及其热力学研究

在高效液相色谱反相条件下,利用手性色谱柱Lux Cellulose-1(纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯,粒径分别为3μm和5μm)对环丙唑醇4个对映异构体进行了直接手性拆分研究。考察了不同粒径、流动相组成和柱温对环丙唑醇对映体色谱保留及分离的影响;并采用在线旋光检测器研究了环丙唑醇对映体的洗脱顺序;同时,利用热力学方法对对映体与固定相之间的色谱保留和分离的热力学机理进行了探讨。结果表明:以乙腈-水为流动相比甲醇-水具有更好的拆分效果,柱温降低有利于对映体的拆分;在以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=60∶40为流动相、柱温为20℃的条件下,环丙唑醇对映体在3μm(流速0.3 m L/min)和5μm(流速1.0 m L/min)色谱柱上均可得到较好分离,在满足对映体完全分离的情况下,建议优先使用3μm色谱柱,异构体洗脱顺序为(+/+/-/-);而当流动相由乙腈-水变为甲醇-水时,对映体的洗脱顺序则变为(+/-/+/-)。热力学研究结果表明:在5~40℃试验温度范围内,van't Hoff方程的线性关系良好(R20.92);以乙腈-水作为流动相时,环丙唑醇对映体的拆分过程受焓驱动;而以甲醇-水为流动相时,对映体的拆分过程既受焓驱动又受熵驱动。     

03-05年福州地区PCV2的流行病学调查

我国从2000年至今,在上海、湖南、河南、湖北、江西、浙江、黑龙江等地陆续报道存在PCV2的血清学阳性,总阳性率在40%-80%。可见该病毒在国内普遍感染。本文就福州地区2003年至2005年八个县(市、区)规模化猪场PCV2的血清学、病原学、临床症状进行调查,现报告如下。1血清学调查1.1样品来源:2003年到2005年本地区八个县(市、区)41个猪场1171份血清。1.2检测方法:酶联免疫吸附试验。1.3诊断试剂:猪圆环病毒病酶联免疫诊断试剂盒,购自华中农业大学动物学院动物病毒室,批号分别为20031015、20040517、200507。1.4操作方法:见试剂盒内的说明。1.…     

Effects of light quality on conidiophore formation of the melon powdery mildew pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Podosphaera xanthii</Emphasis>

The lengths of conidiophores in fungal colonies of the melon powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii Pollacci KMP-6 N cultured under greenhouse (natural) conditions differed markedly from those cultured in a growth chamber. We hypothesized that light wavelength was responsible for the differences in conidiophore length. In this study, we examined the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation (purple, blue, green, orange, and red light) and white light on colony development and conidiophore formation in KMP-6 N using a stereomicroscope and a high-fidelity digital microscope. Colonies on leaves were flat under greenhouse conditions and under red LED light irradiation but were stacked under growth chamber conditions and under purple, blue, green, and orange LED light irradiation. In addition, KMP-6 N formed catenated conidia comprising six conidia per conidiophore under greenhouse conditions and red light but more than seven conidia per conidiophore under growth chamber conditions and purple, blue, green, and orange light. Furthermore, almost none of the conidia on top of the conidiophores grown under blue light were fully constricted. Therefore, these fungi could not scatter their conidia and spread infection. This is the first report of the effects of LED lights on conidiophore formation in the melon powdery mildew fungus P. xanthii. The results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the responses of conidiophores to light of specific wavelengths and conidial scatter from conidiophores of melon powdery mildew fungi.     

甘氨酸铁对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选用72头杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头。试验分为对照组Ⅰ(基础日粮含100 mg/kg无机铁)、对照组Ⅱ(基础日粮+50 mg/kg无机铁)、试验组(基础日粮+50 mg/kg甘氨酸铁),试验结果表明:对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ和试验组3个组之间差异不显著,试验组的日增重比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ分别提高2.67%(P>0.05)和2.18%(P>0.05);从料肉比来看,试验组和对照组Ⅰ差异显著,但与对照组Ⅱ相比差异不显著。分别比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ降低1.4%(P<0.05)和0.7%(P>0.05);在腹泻率方面,试验组与对照组Ⅰ之间差异显著(P<0.05),但与对照组Ⅱ之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ分别降低93.3%和83.3%;育成率3组之间差异不显著;血清微量元素铁增加的趋势试验组均高于对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ,组间差异均不显著(P<0.05);试验组粪中微量元素铁的含量比对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别降低30.02%和30.47%,且试验组和对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ之间差异极显著(P<0.01),但对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg(含二价铁)甘氨酸铁不仅能提高断奶仔猪生产性能,还能减少粪中微量元素铁的排放量。