不同追施氮肥量对南疆陆地棉SPAD值及干物质积累与分配的影响

为明确追施不同氮肥量对陆地棉SPAD值及干物质积累与分配的影响,在南疆巴州地区以当地主栽品种‘巴43541’为材料,设置4个追施氮肥水平,分别为不追施氮(N0)、减施50%常规追施氮肥(N1)、常规追施氮肥(N2)、增施50%常规追施氮肥(N3),分析不同追施氮肥量对叶片SPAD值、干物质积累与分配、产量以及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,减施50%追施氮肥量能增加陆地棉各生育期的SPAD值和SPAD积累值,且生殖器官干物质转化比例最高为60.53%,产量为6581.32 kg/hm²,相比于其他处理增产1.4%～16.5%,氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率均显著高于其他处理。减施50%常规追施氮肥处理较其他处理增产虽然不显著,但是能够显著增高氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率,可考虑在生产实践中应用。     

百香果树莓复合果酒的酿造工艺优化及其体外抗氧化性研究

为生产优质果酒,采用单因素结合响应面的方法,以酒体感官评价为指标开展百香果树莓复合果酒的酿造工艺优化研究并测定其多酚含量,之后通过考查复合果酒对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率及其还原力开展百香果树莓复合果酒的体外抗氧化性研究。结果表明：复合果酒的最佳酿造工艺为百香果树莓果浆配比1:2（g·g^-1）、初始糖度22.4 Brix、料水比1:1（g·mL^-1）、发酵温度19 ℃、发酵时间11 d;与同多酚浓度的Vc相比,此果酒具有更高的羟基自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力,DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率可达87.8%、66.9%和47.4%,还原力可达29.2%。按照优化的工艺酿造的复合果酒酒度为12.3%(vol),多酚含量为353.9 mg·L^-1,呈红宝石色,清澈透明无悬浮物、有典型的百香果和树莓香气、丰满爽口有新鲜感,具有良好的抗氧化性。     

中医经络按摩对糖尿病前期患者的作用效果

目的 探讨中医经络按摩对糖尿病前期患者代谢指标、人体成分及疾病转归的影响。方法 将36例糖尿病前期患者采用随机数字表法随机分为试验组和对照组各18例,两组均统一接受饮食、运动教育课,试验组实施经络按摩干预3个月,对照组统一授课进行生活方式健康教育,促使行为改变,比较两组3个月前后糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、血脂等代谢指标、人体成分及疾病转归情况。结果 干预3个月后,与对照组相比,试验组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）,与干预前相比,试验组患者BMI、体脂、内脂降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）,对照组与试验前相比,低密度脂蛋白升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对照组（18例）3个月后16例处于糖尿病前期、2例糖尿病患者,试验组（16例）3个月后9例处于糖尿病前期、7例处于正常状态、2例脱落,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。结论 中医经络按摩可改善糖尿病前期患者的血糖控制情况,降低其转变为糖尿病的风险,延缓糖尿病的发生、发展。     

Graphene Oxide/Polyester Fabric Composite by Electrostatic Self-Assembly as a New Recyclable Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue

A novel graphene oxide/polyester (GO/PET) composite fabric as a recyclable adsorbent was prepared via electrostatic self-assembly. The structure, morphology, and properties of the GO/PET composite fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle (CA), respectively. The absorption property was evaluated by the absorption amount and removal efficiency of methylene blue (MB) solution on the GO/PET composite fabric. The results indicated that the absorption amount was found to be 21.80 mg/g and the removal efficiency reached 99.93 % under the experimental conditions of GO concentration of 2 mg/ml, initial concentration of 50 mg/l, and area of 64 cm². The experimental parameters were investigated including the concentration of GO, the initial concentration of MB solutions, and adsorbent area. Simultaneously, according to a series of dynamic analysis, the absorption process revealed that the kinetics was well-described by pseudo-second-order model. This study showed that the GO/PET composite fabric could be a recyclable, efficient adsorbent material for the environmental cleanup.     

Photooxidation Properties of Photosensitizer/Direct Dye Patterned Polyester/Cotton Fabrics

Towards the goal of developing anti-infective textiles based on a photodynamic inactivation mechanism, here we present the design, dyeing procedure, characterization, substrate photooxidation studies, and antibacterial efficacy of methylene blue-dyed polyester fabrics, termed MB-polyester. Dye-uptake and apparent K/S (absorption and scattering coefficient) values as a function of MB concentration % (o.w.f) were determined, and were found to correlate. Photooxidation studies employing the model substrate 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,5-DHN) revealed that the MB-polyester fabrics were able to generate singlet oxygen in an illumination time-dependent manner. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-29213), with our best results achieving a 99.89 % (~3 log units) reduction in Colony-Forming Units (CFU)/mL after only 30 min illumination (Xenon lamp, 3500 mW/cm², 420–780 nm). On the basis of these results with MB-polyester, we subsequently designed patterned dual-dyed polyester/cotton fabrics, wherein an alternating pattern of MBdyed polyester was combined with direct dyes-dyed cotton, and showed that their ability to sensitize singlet oxygen (¹O²) in the photooxidation reaction of 1,5-DHN was maintained. Taken together, these findings suggest that MB is a suitable photosensitizer (PS) against S. aureus for the practical development of low-cost polyester-based antimicrobial textiles, and can potentially be used in the production of diverse form-patterned textiles that possess a photodynamic antimicrobial inactivation mechanism.     

果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻蛋白表达的影响

为研究果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻蛋白表达的影响并寻找有价值的蛋白质分子水平上的差异,分别在光照和黑暗条件下采用果胶酶处理铜绿微囊藻,获取藻细胞全蛋白。采用SDS-PAGE电泳分离藻细胞全蛋白,比较光照和黑暗条件下的藻蛋白表达差异。结果显示,一类分子量约42ku的蛋白丰度存在显著差异,光照条件是果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻起抑制作用的一个敏感条件。MALDI串联飞行时间质谱仪分析和SwissPort数据库检索结果表明,该蛋白为功能未知的新蛋白且与真核生物actin蛋白有可信的匹配分值。     

The morphology of Taylor cone influenced by different coaxial composite nozzle structures

Coaxial electrospinning is an effective method to produce core-shell nanofibers, which is associated closely with the morphological stability of Taylor cone. However, the nozzle structure mainly influences the formation of Taylor cone during the coaxial electrospinning procedure. In the present work, since the numerical simulation is a novel and convenience method in the theoretical research of the coaxial electrospinning, the influence of different coaxial composite nozzle structures on Taylor cone shape was studied by ANSYS finite element simulation method. Different coaxial composite nozzle structures — concave type, flush type and convex type, were designed in this work. 2D electric field model of the nozzle structures was simulated by utilizing ANSYS finite element analysis software. The simulation results indicated that electric field intensity distribution of concave type nozzle structure was more uniform than those of the other two types. Therefore, a more stable coaxial Taylor cone was formed in the tip of concave type nozzle structure. To verify the accuracy of the simulation results, core-shell nanofibers were spun by using different coaxial composite nozzle structures. In each experiment, PAN and PVP were employed to be the shell and core solution respectively. Besides that high-speed camera was employed to monitor the coaxial electrospinning procedure. The cross-section morphology of electrospun nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that when the concave type nozzle was used in the coaxial electrospinning process, Taylor Cone morphology was more stable than other type coaxial composite nozzle structures. The cross-section morphology of electrospun fibers observed by SEM revealed that the high stability in core-shell structure also occurred in coaxial electrospinning by using concave nozzle structure. Furthermore, the simulation and experimental results verified the concave type nozzle is the better nozzle structure for coaxial electrospinning to form stable coaxial Taylor cone.     

滨海台地典型森林类型土壤可溶性有机碳季节变化

针对海南文昌滨海台地3种森林类型(人促更新次生林、次生林、椰子林)土壤可溶性有机碳含量进行测定。结果表明:次生林、人促更新次生林和椰子林土壤可溶性有机碳含量在0~100 cm剖面随土层加深而下降,且季节动态变化一致,表现为旱季高于雨季。旱季可溶性有机碳分配比例波动在1.2%~3.6%,随着土层深度增加比值不断增大,至40~100 cm土层变为2.6%~3.6%,表现为深层土壤高于表层土壤。土壤可溶性有机碳氮比值在不同森林类型间存在显著差异,且越往土层深处,差异越显著。说明滨海台地土壤可溶性有机碳、氮含量受雨水淋溶强度大,不同森林类型之间土壤可溶性有机碳含量对降雨强度的敏感性存在较大差异。     

呋虫胺在水稻中的残留消解及膳食风险评估

为评价呋虫胺在水稻中的残留消解行为和产生的膳食摄入风险,分别于2012和2013年在安徽、重庆和广西进行了规范残留试验,建立了高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-UV)检测呋虫胺在水稻糙米、稻壳和植株中残留的分析方法,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。样品经乙腈提取、Florisil柱层析净化,高效液相色谱-紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:呋虫胺在糙米、稻壳和植株中的定量限(LOQ)均为0.05 mg/kg。在0.05~2 mg/kg添加水平下,呋虫胺的平均回收率在70%~100%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.5%~6.5%之间。呋虫胺在水稻植株中的消解符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为2.3~4.8 d,距末次施药后7 d糙米中的最大残留量为0.53 mg/kg,低于日本和国际食品法典委员会(CAC)规定的最大残留限量2和8 mg/kg。膳食摄入风险评价结果显示:我国各类人群的呋虫胺国家估计每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.438~1.087 μg/(kg bw·d),风险商值(RQ)为0.002~0.005,表明呋虫胺在糙米中的长期膳食摄入风险较低。     

基于DSP的深松整地联合作业机监控系统的研制

针对目前国内耕整地作业机械没有智能化监控装置,机手和农户无法直接监测耕深大小的问题,开发了一种基于DSP的深松整地联合作业机监控系统。该系统通过触摸屏实现了耕深限值、作业幅宽的设置和当前耕深、平均耕深、作业面积、作业速度的显示,以及耕深超过限值的报警;具有耕深数据U盘存储功能,便于农户核查机手的耕作质量。田间试验结果表明:该系统工作稳定可靠,误差率低,对促进农业生产和提高经济效益具有重大的意义。