山东省棕榈蓟马田间种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用叶管药膜法测定了山东省4个蔬菜产区棕榈蓟马对7种杀虫剂的抗药性水平。结果表明,供试药剂毒力由大到小依次为多杀霉素甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐吡虫啉噻虫嗪吡蚜酮高效氯氟氰菊酯辛硫磷;济南、聊城和泰安地区的棕榈蓟马种群对7种药剂基本处于敏感状态,寿光地区的棕榈蓟马对多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮产生了6.99~10.83倍的低水平抗性。     

基于无人机数字图像与高光谱数据融合的小麦全蚀病等级的快速分类技术

小麦全蚀病是检疫性的土传病害,对小麦生产危害极大,对其发生的监测是治理的根本。遥感技术可实时、宏观地监测病害发生发展,尤其是将光谱信息与高分辨率数字图像进行融合,可直观、精准地对病害识别和分类。本文基于计算机视觉技术,通过光谱数据与高分辨率数字图像结合的方法,对小麦全蚀病等级进行快速分类。首先,通过ASD非成像光谱仪获取小麦全蚀病的光谱信息,提取全蚀病特征光谱,建立光谱比。其次,利用无人机获取的实时田间数码图像,对其颜色特征进行重量化。最后,利用基于支持向量机的决策树分类对图像视场中的不同全蚀病等级进行分类。结果表明,4个全蚀病等级的分类精度均大于86%(Kappa0.81),平均运算时间小于30s。通过与实地调查的小麦全蚀病的白穗率等级做比对,验证分类结果的准确性,结果表明该方法基本可以实现对小麦全蚀病等级的实时监测。     

Potential gene flow from transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) accessions based on reproductive compatibility

BACKGROUND: The possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. The potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (WR1–WR5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. RESULTS: The pollen grain germination of two transgenic rice lines on the stigma of all weedy rice, rice pollen tube growth down the style and entry into the weedy rice ovary were similar to self‐pollination in weedy rice. However, delayed double fertilisation and embryo abortion in crosses between WR2 and Y0003 were observed. Seed sets between transgenic rice lines and weedy rice varied from 8 to 76%. Although repeated pollination increased seed set significantly, the rank of the seed set between the weedy rice accessions and rice lines was not changed. The germination rates of F₁ hybrids were similar or greater compared with respective females. All F₁ plants expressed glufosinate resistance in the presence of glufosinate selection pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of gene flow between different weedy rice accessions and transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice may differ owing to different reproductive compatibility. This result suggests that, when wild relatives are selected as experimental materials for assessing the gene flow of transgenic rice, it is necessary to address the compatibility between transgenic rice and wild relatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Molecular cloning and expression of kidney‐type glutaminase from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its up‐regulation by glutamine in primary culture enterocyte

Glutaminase (GLS) is the key enzyme of glutamine (Gln) metabolism and utilization. In this study, a cDNA encoding GLS protein was identified from common carp Cyprinus carpio intestine. The open reading frame of GLS cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 595 amino acids, which shows a high similarity with its zebrafish Danio rerio counterpart. Bioinformatic analysis showed the protein belongs to kidney‐type GLS. The putative protein has glutaminase domain and ankyrin repeats domain, which are highly conserved among vertebrate orthologues. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the abundance of GLS mRNA was the highest in the white muscle, followed by the brain, eyeball and pituitary. Glutaminase was ubiquitously expressed in all intestinal segments of common carp. The activity of GLS did not distribute uniformly along the entire length of the intestine. In primary culture enterocyte, and the expression of GLS mRNA is up‐regulated quickly and effectively by Gln.     

用H-Y抗血清对大鼠胚胎进行性别鉴定的研究

利用高度近交系大鼠的新生仔睾丸作抗原对处女大鼠进行免疫,制得 H-Y 抗血清.将同系大鼠的桑椹胚置于含有抗血清的培养液中体外培养5～6小时.结果表明其中部分胚胎能继续发育至囊胚(46.7%);另一部分胚胎停滞发育(53.3%),但解除抗体后重新恢复发育能力(34%).经胚胎移植后证明,前者约有79%发育为雌鼠,而后者约86%发育为雄鼠.由此可见,H-Y 抗血清对雄性胚胎具有特异性的抑制作用.用同样方法免疫远交系大鼠,所得抗血清不能对雄性胚胎产生抑制作用.     

不同防治对策对柑桔糠片蚧种群的影响

1984—1987年在湖南桔园进行了综防对策、化防对策和自控(不采取任何人为的防治措施)等处理对柑桔主要害虫——糠片蚧种群影响的比较研究。综防区采用综合措施,刷洗主干,释放部分天敌,剪去蚧虫为害严重的枝条,冬季和夏季分别施用一次松脂合剂和矿油乳剂;化防区按常规每年喷药5—6次;结果表明:综防区全年虫口密度与化防区相近,两者均显著低于自控区;综防区糠片蚧蚜小蜂等寄生性天敌未受到明显的损害,捕食性蓟马、钝绥螨等捕食性天敌明显多于自控区;其它非生物致死因子对幼蚧的作用大于化防区,果实出口率自1986年起亦较化防区显著上升。自控区糠片蚧未得到控制,果实出口率较化防区降低13.3%—29.8%。化防区各种天敌的作用均显著下降,农药残留亦高。除自控区和化防区柑桔全爪螨为害较重外,其它害虫在各区的为害均处于较低的水平。文章还评价了在三种处理区致死因子对糠片蚧种群趋势指数的作用。     

表达鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2重组鸡痘病毒的构建

含ＩＢＤＶ保护性抗原ＶＰ２的质粒,以ＳｐｈＩ消化,然后用Ｔ４噬菌体ＤＮＡ聚合酶将末端补平,产物纯化后再以ＳａｌＩ消化一次,经再次纯化后与ＳｍａＩ和ＳａｌＩ分步酶切的鸡痘病毒插入载体ｐＦＧ１１７５－１相连,使唤基因顺向插入到载体Ｐ７５启动子下游,得到含ＩＢＤ ＶＰ２基因的重组插入载体ｐＦＧ ＶＰ２。     

基于WebGIS的农业面源污染信息系统的开发及应用

农业面源污染研究是当前国内外环境科学与工程领域的研究热点,但研究大多侧重于农业面源污染的成因、机理、模型和控制对策等,而缺乏一个良好的交互式的用户界面来发布、管理和分析农业面源污染,使其可视化等.本文以太湖流域的杭嘉湖平原为例,通过利用GIS及其相关技术,特别是WebGIS技术(ArcIMS、ArcSDE)的应用,建立了一个基于WebGIS的农业面源污染信息系统(ANPSPIS),以期为农业面源污染的管理、规划和决策提供依据.     

戊糖乳杆菌31-1菌株所产细菌素的理化及生物学特性

研究了本组纯化的戊糖乳杆菌31-1菌株所产细菌素的理化和生物学特性及其对敏感菌株的抑菌作用,发现该细菌素在80℃热处理15 min后活性基本不变,121℃处理15 min仍保持一定活性;在pH 2~8范围内37℃处理4 h保持稳定,当pH≥9时活性逐渐降低。胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶均可使该细菌素完全失活;α-淀粉酶可使其部分失活;酸性蛋白酶、溶菌酶不能使其失活。该细菌素抑菌效果明显,在3~5h内可减少敏感菌细胞数102~103个。测定了其抑菌谱,该细菌素可抑制乳杆菌属、链球菌属、片球菌属中的大部分菌株,还可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌中的部分菌株。该细菌素是一种具有良好热、酸稳定性的蛋白活性物质,用于食品防腐将具有较高的安全性。     

不同粒重小麦品种(系)籽粒灌浆特性分析

以湖北省种植的１１个大、中、小粒品种（系）为试验材料,用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程对不同小麦品种的籽粒灌浆过程进行了拟合;用ｔ测验分析了３组不同粒重品种灌浆参数差异;用相关分析和逐步回归分析研究了灌浆参数与粒重的关系。结果表明,在灌浆各阶段,不同品种类型的部分灌浆参数间有显著或极显著差异。灌浆持续期Ｔ、平均灌浆速率Ｒ、快增期灌浆速率Ｒ２和时间Ｔ２、缓增期灌浆速率Ｒ３和时间Ｔ３对粒重作用显著。除此之外,各