合成条件对氧气氧化合成水钠锰矿的影响

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the dynamics of soil microbial biomass in a rainfed soil under wheat cultivation at the University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The treatments applied were: 1) a control (CK), 2) NPK (0.44-0.26-0.18 g pot^-1), 3) farmyard manure (FYM, 110 g pot^-1), 4)poultry manure (PM, 110 g pot^-1), 5) FYM (110 g pot^-1) NPK (0.44-0.26-0.18 g pot^-1), 6) poultry manure (PM, 110 g pot^-1) NPK (0.44-0.26-0.18 g pot^-1), 7) FYM (110 g pot^-1) NPK(S) (0.44-0.26-0.18 g pot^-1 one half of the NPK at sowing and the other half one month after sowing), and 8) PM (110 g pot^-1) NPK(S) (0.44-0.26-0.18 g pot^-1, one half of the NPK applied at sowing and the other half one month after sowing). The experiment was laid out using a completely randomized design with three replications. Microbial biomass C, N and P contents increased continuously from the beginning of the experiment up to the three-leaf stage. A slight decline was observed at the tillering stage in all treatments except with the organic manures NPK(S) treatments. After tillering there was an increase in all treatments to the recorded maximum point at the full heading stage in all treatments except with the organic manures NPK(S) treatments. In the FYM NPK(S) and PM NPK(S) treatments; however, there was a continuous increase in microbial biomass up to the heading stage. At the harvesting stage a sharp decline was noted in all treatments. The C:N ratio of microbial biomass in tested soil ranged from 7.8 to 11.3, while C:P ratio of microbial biomass in the tested soil ranged from 22.6 to 35.1 throughout all growth stages of the wheat crop.     

菜籽饼肥不同用量对烤烟产量及质量的影响

试验研究了菜籽饼肥不同用量对烤烟产量和质量的影响。结果表明,施25%熟饼肥 75%复合肥的处理烤烟产量、产值最高,在施用饼肥纯N占25%以上时,随着饼肥用量的增加,烤烟产量、产值呈下降态势。饼肥用量相同时,腐熟饼肥产量、产值高于生饼肥。25%熟饼肥 75%复合肥处理的烟叶内在化学品质协调性较好,单施复合肥或单施菜籽饼肥(包括生饼和熟饼肥)都不利于烟叶内在化学品质的协调。     

关于中国农地整理中预测性环境影响评价问题

农地整理作为中国现阶段土地整理的主要形式，对其进行环境影响评价是必要的。在此背景下，该文对农地整理中环境影响评价进行综合分析，指出了农地整理中环境影响评价现状及存在的问题等，并从景观、土壤、生物多样性、水资源、植被、大气等几个方面，对农地整理存在的潜在环境影响进行了分析，在此基础上提出了建立农地整理环境影响评价制度、农地整理环境影响评价的内涵和方法体系，以期对农地整理中环境影响评价有所借鉴。     

基于DPSIR模型的黄土高原生态敏感性演变格局及驱动力分析

摸清生态系统敏感性时空演变格局，对其驱动因素及未来发展趋势进行探测是修复和提高生态系统稳定性的重要内容。黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重和生态环境最脆弱的地区之一，探究该地区生态敏感性时空演变特征及驱动因素，科学划分生态敏感性治理分区对于促进国家生态文明建设具有重要意义。基于“驱动-压力-状态-影响-响应”（driving-pressure-state-impact-response，DPSIR）框架，耦合空间距离指数和全排列多边形图示指标法构建生态敏感性指标体系，使用地理信息演变图谱和地理探测器研究黄土高原2000—2020年5个时间点生态敏感性时空格局和驱动力，最终划分生态敏感性治理分区。结果表明：1）研究期内黄土高原生态敏感性表现为西北高、东南低的分布特征，时间上先增加后下降。2）研究期内黄土高原生态敏感性转移类型以波动稳定型为主，生态改善区面积占比最大（35.17%），变化0次和1次的面积占比62.06%，生态环境演变稳定向好。3）生态敏感性的各驱动因素中，NDVI和降水量以及两者与其他因子的交互作用对于黄土高原生态敏感性具有明显的驱动作用。4）2030年低度敏感将成为黄土高原的主要敏感类型；沙地和农灌区以及黄土高塬沟壑区的中西部是生态敏感性治理的重点地区。整体来看，黄土高原生态环境有所好转，生态治理措施取得了积极成效，该研究可为黄土高原生态治理及高质量发展提供参考。     

不同干扰方式对东北山地沼泽土壤肥力的影响

 通过样地法对小浪底水库库区山地生态系统不同群落间的Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数(D1)、Margalef物种丰富度(D2)、种间相遇概率(P)和Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)等多样性指数进行研究,利用统计方法分析不同群落的物种多样性指数与其所处环境的关系。结果表明:1)物种多样性指数和丰富度指数与群落类型有密切关系,同一类型的群落中,多样性指数随演替时间表现出复杂的关系;2)土壤含水量对H′、P、Jsw、D1等呈极显著的正相关性,土壤厚度与H′、D1、P呈显著正相关性;多样性指数与坡度无相关性;土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷等养分指标与多样性指数H′、D1有显著的正相关;3)多样性指数H′与乔木、灌木群落生物量表现为正相关关系,草本群落与D1相关性不显著;4)乔木林群落的恢复时间与Jsw、H′呈正相关关系,其余多样性指数(P、D1、D2)与恢复时间关系不显著(P>0.05);恢复时间每增加10a,群落物种数平均增加约6种;5)物种多样性指数H′与灌木的盖度和高度呈极显著正相关性;有些单优群落随高度增加和盖度提高,多样性指数反而表现出降低;6)草本植物群落的高度和盖度与物种丰富度指数D2与呈显著的负相关关系,与H′相关性不显著。     

Characterization of intergeneric hybrids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erianthus rockii</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharum</Emphasis> using molecular markers

Erianthus rockii, a wild relative of sugarcane, is drought and cold tolerant, and both are potentially important agronomic traits to the sugarcane industry worldwide. As such it is of interest as a source of parental germplasm to sugarcane breeders and is currently being used in sugarcane introgression programs in both China and Australia. To date morphological characters have been used to verify the putative hybrids produced. Two crosses were generated between two different Saccharum species and two E. rockii accessions. Over 400 AFLP markers were used to identify the intergeneric hybrid progeny as well as determine hybrid diversity. Both crosses generated hybrids but efficiency levels were very different and are probably related to the different Saccharum parent used in each cross. Cross 1 was between a Saccharum officinarum and E. rockii and generated 100% hybrid progeny. Cross 2, however, was between a sugarcane hybrid (S. officinarum × Saccharum spontaneum) and E. rockii and only 10% of the progeny were intergeneric hybrids. Inheritance of markers in the progeny was analysed and for both crosses there were equal numbers of markers from both parents indicating n + n transmission of chromosomes. This is the first verification of E. rockii hybrids with molecular markers. It may now be possible to exploit genes of value from E. rockii in sugarcane breeding programs.     

关于淤地坝管护问题的探讨

随着淤地坝建设的大规模开展,加强管护在淤地坝的运行中显得越来越重要。山西省探索出了产权制度改革、“护坝田”制度等行之有效的办法,在一定程度上保障了坝系工程的安全运行和效益的持续发挥。针对淤地坝管护中存在的问题,提出了进一步推向市场、依法管护、深化产权制度改革等建议。     

茄子新品种沪茄二号和沪茄三号选育

沪茄二号和沪茄三号是适宜国内外茄子设施栽培地区和露地种植的优良茄子杂交一代。沪茄二号单果重153.0 g，每株座果数18.7个。沪茄三号单果重166.5 g，每株座果数16.1个。以上两个杂交一代均表现早熟，果实长棒形，果皮深紫黑色，光泽强，果形直，商品性优良，果实干物质含量和可溶性总糖高，持续结果能力强，前期产量和总产量高等优良综合性状。     

碳铵粒肥在非石灰性水稻土上深施的氮素供应状况

碳铵压粒深施是提高碳钱肥效、减少损失的一项技术措施.现已在生产上推广应用.为了明确碳铁粒肥深施省肥增产的机理,我们在1976-1977年应用Nu标记肥料进行了盆栽试验和田间试验.另文(本所长效肥工作组,1978)对1976年的试验结果作了总结,初步阐明碳钱粒肥深施除具有一般氮肥深施减少肥料氮素气态损失和随水流失的作用外,还具有集中施肥的好处,能够减少肥料氮素在土壤中的固定,增进作物对肥料氮素的吸收.本文是1977年试验结果的初步总结,目的是说明碳按粒肥在水稻土上深施的氮素供应状况.