Erythropoietin attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced cognitive dysfunction through stimulation of hippocampal CREB phosphorylation in C57BL/6 mice

AIM: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on cognitive dysfunction and neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 region induced by cerebral ischemia in mice. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (sham), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R) and EPO-treated group. Transient cerebral global ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO). The step-down test was used to measure the capacity of learning and memory of the animals in each group. Nissl staining was applied to examine the neuronal number in hippocampal CA1 region. The expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) was determined by Western blotting. Alterations of dendritic morphology in hippocampal CA1 region were evaluated using laser scanning confocal microscopy and Neurolucida software. RESULTS: Transient cerebral ischemia caused deficits of spatial learning and memory, and delayed neuronal death and loss of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region were also obvious. The EPO treatment significantly improved the cognitive function in cerebral ischemic mice, and the protein expression of pCREB was obviously increased. At the same time, neuronal death and loss of dendritic spines were reduced in hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSION: Erythropoietin increases the protein expression of pCREB, and reduces neuronal death and loss of dendritic spines. These processes may be responsible for erythropoietin-mediated neuroprotective effects and the improvement of cognitive function in cerebral ischemic mice.     

Inhibition of Ang-2 and RGS-5 expression by nanogold results in normalization of vascellum in hepatic tumor

AIM: To observe the vascular normalization effect of nanogold on hepatic tumor by inhibiting angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), regulator of G-protein signaling-5 (RGS-5) during certain time window. METHODS: H22 cells, the hepatocellular cancer cell line, were subcutaneously injected into the right armpits of 48 BALB/c nude mice. When the size of transplanted tumor reached 3~4 mm, the mice were divided into 2 groups: 36 mice in experiment group and 12 mice in control group. The mice in experimental group underwent injection of nanogold into the tumor once a day, and the mice in control group were injected with normal saline. After continuous treatment with nanogold for 3 days, 7 days and 11 days, the mice were sacrificed, the liver tumors were taken out to measure the size and weight. The expression of Ang-1,Ang-2 and RGS-5 in the tumor was detected by the method of immunohistochemical staining. The normalizing shapes of tumor vessels and the pericytes were observed under electronic microscope. RESULTS: With nanogold treatment for 3 days, 7 days and 11 days, the positive rates of Ang-1 were 16.7％, 50.0% and 16.7%, respectively. The positive rates of Ang-2 were 33.3%, 16.7% and 41.7%, respectively. The expression of Ang-1 in experiment group was higher than that in control group, especially at the 7th day in experiment group. The expression of Ang-2 in experiment group was lower than that in control group (58.3%), especially at the 7th day in experiment group. With nanogold treatment for 3 days, 7 days and 11 days, the positive rates of RGS-5 were 33.3%, 16.7% and 50.0%, respectively. The immature pericyte coverage indexes (IMPI) were 19.6%±4.3%, 32.5%±7.9% and 41.2%±9.1% respectively. At the 7th day in experiment group, the positive rates of RGS-5 and IMPI were lower than those in other experiment groups and control group. After treated with nanogold for 7 days, the pericytes in the parietal wall of the blood vessels in the tumor showed the tendency to grow normally in morphology and were completely covered by endothelial cells. However, the pericytes in the parietal wall of the blood vessels in control group showed differences in size, impaired integrity and only a few of the pericytes covered by endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: During the time window of nangold treatment for 7 days, the chemical can normalize the blood vessels in liver cancer by inhibiting the expression of Ang-2 and RGS-5.     

Prostaglandin E2 receptors,EP2 and EP4, regulate expression of surface molecules and cytokines in B-cells of collagen-induced arthritic mice

AIM: To observe the immunoregulatory effects of prostaglandin E₂ receptor (EP) subtypes EP2/EP4 on the B-cells of collagen-induced arthritic(CIA)mice. METHODS: DBA/1 mice were immunized with chicken type II collagen emulsified in Freunds complete adjuvant to induce arthritis. B-cells were isolated from the splenocyte suspension by positive selection using anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody immunomagnetic beads. The expression of MHC II, CD 80 and CD86 was examined by flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of EPs, interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: The rank of the mRNA levels of EPs was EP2>EP1>EP3>EP4 in B-cells and EP2/EP4 mRNA expression was obviously increased in CIA mice. EP2 antagonists inhibited the expression of MHC II, CD80 and CD86. EP4 antagonist had little effect on CD80. EP2/EP4 antagonists inhibited the mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and increased the expression of IL-10 (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, the antagonists of EP2 and EP4 also increased the mRNA expression of IL-4 and TGF-β (P<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: PGE₂ modulate the pathogenesis of CIA via EP2/EP4 by regulating the expression of surface molecules and cytokines in B-cells. EP2/EP4 may be a new therapeutic target for treating rheumatoid arthritis.     

蔬菜高效施药装置药量专家系统测试

为了满足蔬菜高效施药的精确性和便捷性,借助信息技术手段将专家知识库存贮在单片机芯片中,通过快捷的选择调用达到蔬菜高效施药的目的。本文介绍了高效施药装置专家系统的工作原理,并通过试验验证了其理论施药量和实际控制值具有较好的一致性。     

氮磷的不同供应比例和频度对藻类水华形成的影响

为了探讨氮磷的不同供应比例和频度对藻类水华形成的影响,本研究设计了7种氮磷添加比例（质量比）：只添加氮（以＋N表示）、50：1、20：1、7：1,1：1、1：7和只添加磷（以＋P表示）;2种添加频度：频度较大的L系列（实验前期每日均进行添加）,频度较小的S系列（只在实验过程中添加1次）。两种添加频度下,相同添加比例的处理的营养盐添加量相近。在处理＋N、50：1、20：1、7：1和1：1中以N浓度为基准进行相应比例的P添加,在处理1：1、1：7和＋P中以P浓度为基准进行相应比例的N添加。在1：1处理缸中N、P净增加均约为2.4mg·L-1。实验水体来自一个浮游植物丰富但没有微囊藻水华的天然富营养池塘。实验于2007年8月1日—8月13日在室外采用玻璃缸进行。结果表明,两种添加频度以及不同氮磷添加比例下,实验过程中出现的水华种类均为微囊藻（Microcysti sspp.）水华,没有固氮藻类水华出现。在两种不同添加频度下,微囊藻水华在处理＋N、50：1、20：1、7：1和1：1中明显形成,而处理＋P和1：7中,微囊藻水华的出现会晚几天或者水华现象不明显,这表明本实验中单独添加氮比单独添加磷对微囊藻水华形成的促进作用要明显些。水体中微囊藻水华的出现与适宜的氮磷比例添加有关,氮磷添加比例适宜时,两种不同的添加频度下均可出现微囊藻水华,但氮磷营养盐的不同添加比例和频度均没有导致固氮藻类水华的出现。     

2种石灰岩特有植物的特性及园林应用

圆叶乌桕（Triadica rotundifolia）和报春苣苔（Primulina tabacum）是石灰岩特有植物,具有较高的学术、观赏和经济价值。文章从形态特征、分布、生态习性及繁殖等方面对圆叶乌桕和报春苣苔进行介绍,并阐述其园林观赏及应用价值。     

3种不同密度对香樟幼林鲜叶油及其主成分的影响研究

通过对3种不同栽培密度的香樟幼林鲜叶和优株母本的得油率及其主成分芳樟醇含量、樟脑含量的试验测定,结果表明,不同栽培密度的香樟幼林均保持了广林香樟GLC-95良种的经济特性,所存在的差异是因栽培密度、幼林与优株年龄不同所致。3种栽培密度中以5 700株/hm2其鲜叶的得油率、总含醇量和芳樟醇含量最高,分别为1.32%、98.0%和93.4%,但樟脑含量最低为0.1%,综合比较分析,以密度5 700株/hm2较适宜。     

翻压等量紫云英条件下不同化肥用量对土壤养分有效性及水稻产量的影响

在翻压等量紫云英条件下,研究了不同化肥用量对土壤养分有效性及水稻产量的影响.结果表明,早稻田翻压紫云英22500 kg/hm2后配施化肥,与施用100％化肥(MF100)相比,施用60％～80％化肥,土壤中碱解N、速效钾含量均有增加,增幅为10％～59％;施用40％化肥,土壤中有效磷含量显著增加25％ ～ 80％.翻压...     

泌乳前期水牛能量代谢及其需要量初探

本试验旨在通过析因法获得泌乳前期水牛能量需要量.选用30头体况良好、上一泌乳期泌乳量相近、产犊胎次(2、3胎)接近、健康的泌乳前期水牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,采用等粗蛋白质(13.3%)、3种能量水平的精饲料,产乳净能分别为6.0、6.6和7.2 MJ/kg.预试期15 d,正试期30 d.于正试期第24、28天分...     

植物乳酸菌发酵对大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白免疫活性及水解度的影响

本试验通过植物乳酸菌对豆粉进行液态发酵,在发酵24,36,48,60,72 h时采集发酵样品进行水解度和免疫活性的检测,结果表明:(1)48 h为植物乳酸菌发酵豆粉的最佳时间,可去除71.08%的β-伴大豆球蛋白和64.22%的大豆球蛋白的免疫活性(P＜0.01),对β-伴大豆球蛋白的去除程度显著高于大豆球蛋白(P＜0...